Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are the two stages of protein synthesis?
Transcription- occurs in the nucleus
Translation-occurs in the cytoplasm
Hydrophobic
Tails-water fearing
Hydrophilic
Heads-Water loving
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout
What are 3 types of cell junctions?
Tight- tightly stitched together
Ex: bladder tissue
Desmosomes-Velcro (gives wiggle room)
Ex: muscle tissue
Gap- chemical to electrical attachment
(Communication)
Ex:cardiac muscle
What are the 3 types of tonic solutions
Hypotonic,ionic, and hypertonic
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
Cells swell and burst
⬇️ solutes/⬆️ H20
What happens to a cell in a ionic solution
The cell is at equilibrium/no movement of H2O
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Cell loses H20 & shrink (crenate)
⬆️solutes/⬇️H20
Ex: salt on a slug
What is active transport?
Requires ATP
Moves against gradient
What is a gene?
Segment of DNA codes for one protein
Describe simple diffusion
Flows directly through bilayer-lipid soluble
Describe facilitated diffusion
Assisted by protein (boat ride)
H2O passes through aquaporins
H20/protein soluble
Describe diffusion
Moving things across membrane
High➡️Low concentration solution
Passive-no energy used
Describe osmosis
Diffusion of H20
What are the 4 stages of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is mitosis?
Cell division
Mitochondria
Power house of the cell
Centrioles
Aids in mitosis
Lysosome
Digestive enzymes
Nucleus
Controls the cell activities
Nuclear membrane
Allows material to move into an out of nucleus
RNA pass through pores
Cytoplasm
Chemical reaction takes place here
Ribosome
Protein builders of the cell
Translate genetic code to amino acids
Site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Connect membrane
Moves material
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (E.R)
Process protein
*ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (E.R)
Production and storage of carbs and lipids
*no ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Sorts and packs protein into vesicle and transports them
In what phase does the cell begin to divide
Telophase
What phase do chromosomes start to line up along the middle of the cell
Metaphase
What phase do the chromosomes start to pull apart
Anaphase
In what phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane breakdown and to spindles form?
Prophase
