Chapter 2 Flashcards
Unique building blocks for each element
Atoms
Substances that can be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemicals
Elements
What are the subatomic particles that make up atoms?
Protons (+), neutrons( no charge), and electrons (-)
Where is the proton found?
In the nucleus
Where are electrons found?
They orbit around nucleus
and usually equal to the number of protons
Where are electrons found?
They orbit around nucleus
and usually equal to the number of protons
What four elements comprise 96% of the human body?
C.H.O.N
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen
What are the two components to a solution?
Solvent- what’s doing the dissolving
Solutes- what’s being dissolved
What is the octet rule?
Atoms want eight electrons.
Inert elements are not considered reactive and naturally have 8
What are the three major types of chemical bonds?
Ionic-electrons are transferred
Covalent- Atoms share electrons
Hydrogen-attraction of polar molecules
What is the strongest chemical bond?
Covalent
What is the weakest chemical bond?
Hydrogen
what does PH measure?
Hydrogen
What are buffers?
They’ll release hydrogen to increase acidity or vice versa.
What is the job of the buffer?
To maintain and resist any changes in pH
What type of chemical bond forms, water molecules?
Covalent
What property of water is exhibited when we sweat?
Vaporization
What are the four classes of organic molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid
What are the four classes of organic molecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid
What is the job of lipids (fats)?
Energy storage and insulation
What is the job of carbohydrates?
Cellular fuel
What is the job of nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
How many chemical bonds can carbon form?
4 ( Covalent)-strongest bond
What are the three types of lipids?
Triglycerides-energy storage phospholipids-cell membrane structure steroids-ring structures/membrane stability
What is denaturation?
When proteins lose shape and structure
(If it loses its shape, it loses its function)
What are enzymes?
biological catalysts
* Loses functions and reactions during denaturation
- Speeds up chemical reactions
What are the complementary base pairs?
A ➡️ T
C ➡️ G
Describe the structure of DNA?
Double helix- two strands held by hydrogen bonds
What kind of chemical bond does DNA use and why?
Hydrogen bonds
They’re useful for replication
A/T/C/G
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What is adenosine triphosphate?
ATP
Energy molecule
Energy stored in chemical & released when bond is broken
What is adenosine triphosphate?
ATP
Energy molecule
Energy stored in chemical & released when bond is broken
