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Phonetics > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

process of speech

A
  1. air brought into the lungs
  2. diaphragm lowers and thoracic cavity expands
  3. air expels through the trachea
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2
Q

inspiration

A

taking in air
ingressive

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3
Q

expiration

A

eggressive
more common to phonate during expiration

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4
Q

larynx

A

voice box

cartilaginous skeleton that houses vocal cords
contains thread, arytenoid and cricoid cartilage

attached inferiorly to the trachea and superiorly to the hyoid

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5
Q

hyoid bone

A

only bone inhuman body that does not attach to another bone, attaches to ligaments and muscle

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6
Q

parts of the hyoid bone

A

body
greater horns
lesser horns

horseshoe shaped

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7
Q

vocal folds

A

elastic folds of tissue primarily composed of muscle

attach anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage and posteriorly to the arytenoid cartilages

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8
Q

glottic

A

space between vocal cords

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9
Q

subglottal pressure

A

pressure from below the glottis

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10
Q

vocal tract

A

structures above the vocal tract

pharynx
oral cavity
nasal cavity
articulators

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11
Q

articulators

A

lips
teeth
alveolar ridge
palate
velum
glottis
tongue

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12
Q

labiodental

A

lower lip and upper incisors

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13
Q

dental/interdental

A

upper and lower central incisors and tongue

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14
Q

bilabial

A

both lips

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15
Q

arytenoid cartilages

A

paired cartilages that attach to the superior portion of the cricoid cartilage; each vocal cord attaches to one arytenoid

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16
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

most inferior cartilage of the larynx

shaped like a class ring

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17
Q

phonation

A

vibration of the vocal cords in creation of a voiced sound

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18
Q

fundamental frequency

A

basic rate of vibration of the vocal folds

responsible for pitch
males - 120-125 per second
females - 220-225 per second

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19
Q

epiglottis

A

cartilage of the larynx that diverts food away from trachea and to esophagus

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20
Q

larynx importance during what activities

A

giving birth, lifting heavy objects, elimination

air is held in the lungs to provide extra strength and vocal cords are held tightly together to stop the escape of air

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21
Q

Bernoulli effect

A

aerodynamic principle

drop in air pressure is created by an increase in airflow through a constriction (vocal folds to he sucked together)

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22
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

most anterior cartilage

notch- Adam’s apple

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23
Q

pharynx

A

muscular tube structure that connects the larynx and oral cavity

(throat)

24
Q

vocal tract

A

consists of the larynx, pharynx, and oral and nasal cavity

25
Q

nares

A

nostrils

26
Q

laryngopharynx

A

pharynx adjoining the larynx

27
Q

oropharynx

A

adjacent to the posterior portion of oral cavity

28
Q

nasopharynx

A

adjacent to posterior portion of the nasal cavity

29
Q

articulation

A

modification of the airstream by speech organs in production of spoken language

airstream and accompanying acoustic vibrations are directed to the oral cavity and nasal cavities, vibrations are modified by speech organs to produce the individual phenomes

30
Q

alveolar

A

bony ridge containing the sockets of the teeth, directly behind the upper incisors

31
Q

palate

A

bony structure located posterior to the alveolar ridge

32
Q

velum

A

soft palate behind hard palate

33
Q

uvula

A

rounded structure located at the posterior

34
Q

velopharyngeal closure

A

constriction formed by the velum and the rear wall of the pharynx, resulting in a diversion of the airstream into the oral cavity

35
Q

quality

A

perceptual character of a sound based on its acoustic resonance patterns

also called timbre

36
Q

source filter theory of speech production

A

modification of the sounds source by the resonating cavities of the vocal tract in production of spoken language

37
Q

diaphragm

A

major muscle separating chest cavity from abdomen

37
Q

resonance

A

vibratory properties of any sound producing body

phoneme’s unique sound quality associated with language due to a unique vocal tract shape and accompanying vibratory pattern

38
Q

pulmonic

A

produced by air pressure from the lungs

39
Q

inhalation verses exhalation during speech production

A

inhalation : 10 %
exhalation : 90%

40
Q

all vowels are

A

voiced

41
Q

supralaryngeal system

A

pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and speech organs

42
Q

parts of the tongue

A

apex: tip
blade: posterior to tip
body: posterior to blade
root

43
Q

velar sound
articulatory structure

A

soft palate (velum)

produced by articulation of the soft palate with the back of the tongue

/g/ /k/

44
Q

alveolar sound
articulatory structure

A

alveolar ridge

tongue in contact with or in close proximity to the alveolar ridge

/t/ /s/ /z/ /l/

45
Q

lingual sound
articulatory structure

A

tongue

major structure in production of speech

46
Q

labial sound
articulatory structure

A

lips

lips open and close (bilabial/labiodental)

/m/ /b/ /p/ /v/ /f/

47
Q

palatal sound
articulatory structure

A

hard palate

palate and tongue

/y/ in yes

48
Q

glottal sound
articulatory structure

A

glottis

produced at vocal cords

/g/

49
Q

dental sound
articulatory structure

A

teeth

combination with tongue and lip (labiodental)

50
Q

oral phonemes

A

phonemes produced with a raised/closed velum

51
Q

nasal phonemes

A

phonemes produced with a lowered velum

52
Q

upper and lower jaw

A

upper- maxilla
lower- mandilla

53
Q

anatomical structures involved in phonation

A

vocal folds

54
Q

anatomical structures involved in articulation

A

speech organs

glottis, tongue, lip, palate, velum, teeth, alveolar ridge,

55
Q

anatomical structures involved in inhalation

A

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

56
Q

anatomical structures involved in exhalation

A

internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

Phonetics (3 decks)

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