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Phonetics > chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

phonetics

A

study of the nature of speech sounds

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2
Q

what does the study of phonetics cover?

A

production by vocal tract

perception by the auditory system

physical properties as sound waves

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3
Q

phonology

A

studies systematic organization of speech sounds in production of language

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4
Q

what does phonology cover?

A

relationship between how sounds are produced and stored in the mind

which phonetic distinctions are significant enough to signal differences in meaning

how the sounds are organized within words

linguistic rules that specify the manner in which phonemes are organized and combined into syllables, words, and sentences

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5
Q

dialect

A

variation of speech or language based on geographical area, native language background, and social or ethnic group membership.

SLP should not be concerned with dialect, only with remediation of speech sound errors

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6
Q

transcription

A

thinking about the sounds you hear and writing them down

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7
Q

grapheme

A

written letter than represents a sound

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8
Q

allographs

A

different letter sequences or sounds that represent the same sound

f/ph

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9
Q

morpheme

A

smallest units of sound or combination of sounds that make up words in speech and have meaning

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10
Q

free morpheme

A

can stand alone

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11
Q

bound morpheme

A

cannot stand alone

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12
Q

phoneme

A

speech sound capable of differentiating morphemes

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13
Q

phonetic alphabet

A

alphabet that contains a separate letter for each individual sound in a language

contains one to one relationship between a sound and symbol

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14
Q

allophone

A

a possible spoken sound used to produce a single phoneme

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15
Q

complementary distribution

A

distribution of phones in their respective phonetic environments in which one phone never appears in the same phonetic context as the other

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16
Q

free variation

A

a different pronunciation does no my result in a different word or meaning

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17
Q

syllable

A

basic unit of speech production and perception generally consisting of a segment of great acoustic energy and segments of lesser energy

18
Q

onset

A

onset of a syllable consists of all the consonants that proceed a vowel

if there is no initial consonant, there is no onset

19
Q

nucleus

A

part of the syllable with the most acoustic energy

usually but not really a vowel

20
Q

syllabic consonants

A

when consonants take on the role of vowels

21
Q

open syllables

A

no consonant behind the vowel; long vowel

22
Q

closed syllables

A

end in consonants and have a short vowel sound

23
Q

rhyme

A

sequence of words where there is a regular reoccurrence of similar sounds

syllable segment consisting of an obligatory nucleus and an optional coda

24
Q

coda

A

consonants that follow a vowel in any syllable; not all syllables have a coda

25
Q

stress

A

production of a syllable with increased force or muscular energy, resulting in a syllable that is perceived as being louder, longer in duration, or higher in pitch (lexical stress)

patterned changes in pitch in speech, usually in combination with changes in loudness or duration

26
Q

impressionistic transcription

A

transcription of an unknown sound system, this is a form of narrow transcription

27
Q

international phonetic alphabet (IPA)

A

represents sounds of words, not spellings

permits consistency among professionals in their transcription

28
Q

historical phonetics

A

study of sound changes in words

29
Q

physiological phonetics

A

study of the function of speech anatomy during the process of speaking

30
Q

acoustic phonetics

A

focuses on differences in the frequency, intensity, and duration of various consonants and vowels

31
Q

perceptual phonetics

A

study of a listener’s psychoacoustic response (perception) of speech sounds in terms of loudness, pitch, perceived length, and quality

32
Q

experimental phonetics

A

involves the laboratory study of physiological, acoustic, and perceptual phonetics

33
Q

clinical phonetics

A

study and transcription of aberrant speech behaviors (varying from “normal” speech

34
Q

3 major biological systems in the production of speech

A

respiratory
laryngeal
supralaryngeal

35
Q

anatomical structures above the larynx

A

pharynx
oral cavity
nasal cavity
articulators

36
Q

articulators

A

lips
teeth
alveolar ridge
palate
velum
glottis
tongue

37
Q

labial sounds

A

involving the lips

38
Q

bilabials

A

involves both lips

39
Q

labiodental

A

involves lower lip and upper incisors

40
Q

dental/interdental

A

unloved upper and lower central incisors and the tongue

41
Q

minimal pair

A

words that vary only by one morpheme

late/date/mate
call/hall/doll

Phonetics (3 decks)

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