Chapter 3 Flashcards
Tissues, their structure and functions, where you will find them. Understand the relationship between cells, tissue, organs. Understand the different variation within each main group. Main function of each group, where to most likely find them.
Tissues
an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific function.
Epithelium
the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures.
Apical Surface
lines the lumen of sac- and tube-shaped organs and the inner surfaces of the body cavities
Basement Membrane
a thin, dense layer of extracellular matrix that lines most human tissues forming the supporting structure and scaffolding for epithelial tissue and separates different types of cells, such as nerve cells and muscle cells
Simple Epithelium
a single layer of cells with every cell in direct contact with the basement membrane that separates it from the underlying connective tissue
Stratified Epithelium
made up of more than one layer of cells
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Serous Membranes (serosae)
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Goblet Cells
Mucous Membranes (Mucosae)
Pseudos-stratified Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Transitional Epithelium
Gland
Secretions
Endocrine Gland
Exocrine Gland
Connective Tissue
Extracellular Matrix
Bone
Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Dense Connective (Fibrous) Tissue
Tendons
Ligaments
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar Connective Tissue
Edema
Adipose Tissue
Reticular Connective Tissue
Blood
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth (Visceral) Muscle
Nervous Tissue
Regeneration
the action or process of regenerating polymer fibers.
Fibrosis
excessive formation and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins
Neoplasm
a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer.
Hyperplasia
increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ
Atrophy
waste away, especially as a result of the degeneration of cells, or become vestigial during evolution.
Name the 4 Hallmarks of Epithelial Tissue
simple squamous; 2) simple cuboidal; 3) simple columnar; and 4) pseudostratified
What is the difference between simple and stratified cells?
A simple epithelium means that there’s only one layer of cells. Stratified: A stratified epithelium is made up of more than one layer of cells.
Give three (3) examples of Endocrine Glands
pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
Give three (3) examples of Exocrine Glands
sweat glands, digestive glands in the stomach, pancreas, and intestines
What are the two (2) Hallmarks of the Connective Tissue?
variations in blood supply and the production of a nonliving, extracellular matrix that surrounds their living cells
What is the difference between a ligament and tendon?
A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable
What is the difference between bone and cartilage?
bone is a hard and rigid tissue, whereas the cartilage is a soft, elastic and flexible tissue
Give a brief explanation of the three (3) different types of Muscles (Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth)
Skeletal muscle is an organ that primarily controls movement and posture. Cardiac muscle encompasses the heart, which keeps the human body alive. Smooth muscle is present throughout the gastrointestinal, reproductive, urinary, vascular, and respiratory systems.
What is the main purpose of adipose tissue?
regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels.
What is the main function of Blood?
transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues
Explain the difference between regeneration and fibrosis.
In regeneration, new cells are of the same type, so they restore tissue function. In fibrosis, a scar forms at the injury site, and partial loss of tissue function occurs.
Explain the difference between hyperplasia and atrophy.
Atrophy, the cells become smaller, not in number but in volume. Hyperplasia, on the other hand, is when you get more cells.
