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Biology 2 Unit Review > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

Tissues, their structure and functions, where you will find them. Understand the relationship between cells, tissue, organs. Understand the different variation within each main group. Main function of each group, where to most likely find them.

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1
Q

Tissues

A

an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific function.

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2
Q

Epithelium

A

the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a body’s surface and lining the alimentary canal and other hollow structures.

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3
Q

Apical Surface

A

lines the lumen of sac- and tube-shaped organs and the inner surfaces of the body cavities

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4
Q

Basement Membrane

A

a thin, dense layer of extracellular matrix that lines most human tissues forming the supporting structure and scaffolding for epithelial tissue and separates different types of cells, such as nerve cells and muscle cells

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5
Q

Simple Epithelium

A

a single layer of cells with every cell in direct contact with the basement membrane that separates it from the underlying connective tissue

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6
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A

made up of more than one layer of cells

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7
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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8
Q

Serous Membranes (serosae)

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9
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A
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10
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

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11
Q

Goblet Cells

A
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12
Q

Mucous Membranes (Mucosae)

A
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13
Q

Pseudos-stratified Columnar Epithelium

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14
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A
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15
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

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16
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A
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17
Q

Gland

A
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18
Q

Secretions

A
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19
Q

Endocrine Gland

A
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20
Q

Exocrine Gland

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21
Q

Connective Tissue

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22
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A
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23
Q

Bone

A
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24
Q

Cartilage

A
25
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
26
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
27
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A
28
Q

Dense Connective (Fibrous) Tissue

A
29
Q

Tendons

A
30
Q

Ligaments

A
31
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A
32
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A
33
Q

Edema

A
34
Q

Adipose Tissue

A
35
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A
36
Q

Blood

A
37
Q

Muscle Tissue

A
38
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A
39
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
40
Q

Smooth (Visceral) Muscle

A
41
Q

Nervous Tissue

A
42
Q

Regeneration

A

the action or process of regenerating polymer fibers.

43
Q

Fibrosis

A

excessive formation and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins

44
Q

Neoplasm

A

a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer.

45
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increased cell production in a normal tissue or organ

46
Q

Atrophy

A

waste away, especially as a result of the degeneration of cells, or become vestigial during evolution.

47
Q

Name the 4 Hallmarks of Epithelial Tissue

A

simple squamous; 2) simple cuboidal; 3) simple columnar; and 4) pseudostratified

48
Q

What is the difference between simple and stratified cells?

A

A simple epithelium means that there’s only one layer of cells. Stratified: A stratified epithelium is made up of more than one layer of cells.

49
Q

Give three (3) examples of Endocrine Glands

A

pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

50
Q

Give three (3) examples of Exocrine Glands

A

sweat glands, digestive glands in the stomach, pancreas, and intestines

51
Q

What are the two (2) Hallmarks of the Connective Tissue?

A

variations in blood supply and the production of a nonliving, extracellular matrix that surrounds their living cells

52
Q

What is the difference between a ligament and tendon?

A

A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable

52
Q

What is the difference between bone and cartilage?

A

bone is a hard and rigid tissue, whereas the cartilage is a soft, elastic and flexible tissue

53
Q

Give a brief explanation of the three (3) different types of Muscles (Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth)

A

Skeletal muscle is an organ that primarily controls movement and posture. Cardiac muscle encompasses the heart, which keeps the human body alive. Smooth muscle is present throughout the gastrointestinal, reproductive, urinary, vascular, and respiratory systems.

53
Q

What is the main purpose of adipose tissue?

A

regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels.

53
Q

What is the main function of Blood?

A

transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues

54
Q

Explain the difference between regeneration and fibrosis.

A

In regeneration, new cells are of the same type, so they restore tissue function. In fibrosis, a scar forms at the injury site, and partial loss of tissue function occurs.

55
Q

Explain the difference between hyperplasia and atrophy.

A

Atrophy, the cells become smaller, not in number but in volume. Hyperplasia, on the other hand, is when you get more cells.

Biology 2 Unit Review (4 decks)

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