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Cloud Computing > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fundamental requirement for all clouds?

A

All clouds must be connected to a network.

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2
Q

FYI

A

The Internet: a giant highway system. connecting countless locations worldwide.

ISP (Internet Service Provider): provide you with access through your cable, phone line, or wireless connection. You pay them a fee for using their “lane” on the highway.

ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers): the traffic authority for the internet highway. They’re responsible for assigning unique web addresses (like domain names - [invalid URL removed]) and internet protocol (IP)

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3
Q

__________ allow for the remote provisioning of IT resources and directly support ubiquitous network access.

A

the Internet,

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4
Q

What role do Internet Service Providers (ISPs) play in cloud computing?

A

ISPs establish and deploy the Internet’s largest backbone networks, interconnecting various organizations and ISP networks.

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5
Q

What is the function of core routers in the ISP network?

A

Core routers interconnect multinational networks, facilitating dynamic network routes for message travel.

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6
Q

Who supervises and coordinates Internet communications?

A

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) supervises and coordinates Internet communications.

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7
Q

No centralized entity comprehensively GOVERNS the Internet

A

t

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8
Q

Describe the hierarchical topology of the Internet.

A

Tier 1 (large-scale, international cloud providers),

Tier 2 (large regional providers), and

Tier 3 (local ISPs).

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9
Q

What are the two fundamental components used to construct the inter-networking architecture?

A

Connectionless packet switching (datagram networks) and

router-based interconnectivity.

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10
Q

How does connectionless packet switching work?

A

Data flows are divided into packets that are processed and routed at each node.

carrying location information like IP or MAC addresses.

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11
Q

What is the role of a router in a network?

A

A router connects multiple networks and forwards packets, processing each packet individually while maintaining network topology information.

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12
Q

What layers are involved in the physical network of the Internet?

A

The physical network includes:
- the data link layer and
- the physical layer

handling data transfer and transmission of data bits.

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13
Q

______ manage network traffic and gauge the most efficient path for packet delivery. and how do they achieve this?

A

Routers
- since they are privy to both the packet source and packet destination.

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14
Q

Name two transport layer protocols.

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

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15
Q

What is the role of the data link layer in physical networks?

A

The data link layer controls data transfer between neighboring nodes.

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16
Q

Give examples of physical networks mentioned in the document.

A

Ethernet, ATM network, and the 3G mobile HSDPA.

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17
Q

How do transport layer protocols use IP?

A

They use IP to provide standardized, end-to-end communication support that facilitates the navigation of data packets across the Internet.

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18
Q

What is the role of application layer protocols?

A

Application layer protocols standardize and enable specific data packet transferring methods over the Internet.

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19
Q

List some application layer protocols mentioned in the document.

A

HTTP, SMTP for e-mail, BitTorrent for P2P, and SIP for IP telephony.

20
Q

application layer protocols interact with transport layer protocols using _______

A

transport layer protocols like TCP/IP or UDP to transfer data packets

21
Q

How do end-user devices access data centers in on-premise models?

A

Through the corporate network, which provides uninterrupted Internet connectivity.

22
Q

What are the advantages of on-premise deployment models?

A

Organizations can directly access network traffic, safeguard their networks using firewalls, and have complete control over IT resources.

23
Q

What determines end-to-end bandwidth in networks?

A

The transmission capacity of shared data links that connect intermediary nodes.

24
Q

What technologies do ISPs use to guarantee end-to-end connectivity?

A

Broadband network technology.

25
Q

What is latency in the context of networks?

A

Latency / delay is the amount of time it takes a packet to travel from one data node to another.

26
Q

What is “best effort” quality-of-service (QoS) in packet networks?

A

Packets are transmitted on a first-come/first-serve basis without prioritization.

leading to potential service-level degradation [ latency or packet loss]

27
Q

Why is bandwidth critical for cloud applications?

A

Bandwidth is essential for transferring substantial amounts of data to and from the cloud.

28
Q

Why is latency critical for certain applications?

A

Latency is critical for applications that require swift response times.

29
Q

What is mobile edge computing (MEC)?

A

An enabling technology for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) that shares processing capabilities across vehicles.

30
Q

How do wireless and cellular networks overcome bandwidth and latency restrictions?

A

By adapting or evolving their technologies to integrate into cloud-based solutions.

30
Q

Why is QoS management challenging across multiple ISPs?

A

It requires collaboration among cloud carriers to ensure sufficient end-to-end service levels.

31
Q

What determines Internet connections between cloud consumers and providers?

A

The ISPs on both ends, which are usually different and therefore include multiple ISP networks in their paths.

31
Q

________ may be required to achieve necessary connectivity and reliability for cloud applications?

A

The use of multiple cloud carriers.

32
Q

What are modern data centers used for?

A

Modern data centers house centralized IT resources like servers, databases, and networking devices.

33
Q

Explain the concept of autonomic computing.

A

Autonomic computing enables a system to be self-managing, reacting to external input without human intervention.

34
Q

What are some features of self-management in autonomic computing?

A

Self-configuration,
self-optimization,
self-healing,
self-protecting.

35
Q

_______ ensures business continuity by providing redundant power supplies, cabling, and load-balancing communication links in data centers

A

high availability

36
Q

What are the key security requirements for data centers?

A

Physical access controls:

Logical access controls:

Data recovery strategies:

37
Q

_________ are custom-designed locations that are outfitted with specialized computing, storage, and network equipment.

A

Data center facilities

38
Q

________ server technologies Allow servers to be replaced or upgraded without shutting down the system.

A

blade server technologies

39
Q

Rack server technologies Enable dense server configurations with shared resources.

A

f

40
Q

What technologies are involved in data center storage systems?

A

Hard disk arrays

I/O caching

Hot-swappable disks

Storage virtualization

41
Q

What is the difference between SAN and NAS storage systems?

A

SAN: Provides block-level data storage through a dedicated network, using protocols like SCSI.

NAS: Provides file-level data storage accessible over a network, using protocols like NFS or SMB.

42
Q

List data center five network subsystems

A

Carrier and External Networks Interconnection
Web-Tier Load Balancing and Acceleration
LAN Fabric
SAN Fabric
NAS Gateways

43
Q
A

Cloud Computing (3 decks)

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