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Ap 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Three basic human cells

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

flexible outer boundary

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

intracellular fluid outer organelles

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

DNA containing control center

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5
Q

What is the major component of the plasma membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer

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6
Q

Cell junctions

A

Tight
Desmosomes
Gap

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7
Q

Tight Junctions

A

impermeable, form continuous seals around the cell prevent molecules from passing between cells

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8
Q

Desmosomes

A

Anchoring, bind adjacent cells together like molecular Velcro and help keep cells from tearing apart

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9
Q

Gap Junctions

A

communicate, allow ions and small molecules to pass from cell to cell, in heart cells and embryonic cells

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10
Q

Passive transport

A

no energy is required

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11
Q

simple

A

very small molecules that can pass through membrane or channels, lipid-soluble and nonpolar substances

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12
Q

Facilitated

A

larger, non-lipid soluble or polar molecules can cross the membrane but only with assistance of carrier molecules

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13
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of solvent, not molecules

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14
Q

moving down a concentration gradient

A

natural movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

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15
Q

Osmolarity

A

measure the concentration of the total number of solute particles on solvent

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16
Q

Isotonic

A

has equal balance as osmolarity inside the cell, volume unchanged

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17
Q

Hypertonic

A

higher osmolarity resulting in cell shrinking

18
Q

Hypotonic

A

lower osmolarity resulting in cell swelling

19
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

outward pressure exerted on cell side of membrane caused by increased in volume of cell to osmosis

20
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

inward pressure due to tendency water to be pulled into a cell with higher osmolarities

21
Q

Active membrane transport

A

have Active transport and vascular transport both require ATP to move solutes across a plasma membrane:
Solute is too large for channels, or
Solute is not lipid soluble, or
Solute is not able to move down concentration gradient

22
Q

Antiporter

A

Transport one substance into cell while transporting a different
substance out of cell

23
Q

symporters

A

transport two different substances in the same direction

24
Q

primary active transport

A

Required energy comes directly from ATP hydrolysis ->Energy from hydrolysis of ATP causes change in shape of transport protein->
Shape changes cause solutes (ions) bound to protein to be pumped across
membrane

25
Q

secondary active transport

A

Required energy is obtained indirectly from ionic gradients created by primary active transport

26
Q

Vesicular active transport

A

involves transport of large particles, macromolecules, and fluids across
membrane in membranous sacs called vesicles

27
Q

Exocytosis

A

transport out of cell

28
Q

Transcytosis

A

transport into, across, and out of cell

29
Q

vesicular trafficking

A

transport from one area or organelle in cell to another

30
Q

Endocytosis

A

involves protein-coated vesicles being pulled in must bind to its unique receptor once inside: fuse with lysosome or transcytosis

31
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“Cell eating” pseudopods form and flow around solid particles being engulfed, forming a vesicle is pulled into cell

32
Q

Pinocytosis

A

“Cell drinking” a fluid phase, plasma membrane enfolds bringing extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes inside cell membrane

33
Q

Receptor- mediated endocytosis

A

involves endocytosis and transcytosis of specific molecules, bind to a membrane-bound receptor

34
Q

Histones

A

have an effect on DNA can help regulate gene expression

34
Q

Nucleus envelope

A

double membrane, separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm

34
Q

Nucleolus

A

Dense collection of RNA and proteins site of ribosome production

35
Q

Chromatin

A

fibers of relaxed DNA and proteins, stores info for synthesis of proteins

36
Q

Mitochondria

A

“Powerhouse” produces most of cell energy ATP cellular respiration. own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes

37
Q

Free Ribosomes

A

free floating

38
Q

Membrane-bound ribosomes

A

site of syntheses of proteins to be incorporated into membranes or lysosomes, exported from cell

39
Q

peroxisomes

A

neutralize toxins, breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids

40
Q

Lysosomes

A

digest old or unwanted cell sub, bacteria, viruses, and toxins

Ap 1 (8 decks)

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