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Ap 1 > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Has mass and take space can be seen, smelled, or felt

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2
Q

Energy

A

Is the capacity to do work or put matter to motion. Does not have mass, no space.

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3
Q

Kinetic / potential

A

Kinetic- action
Potential- stored inactive energy

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4
Q

Forms of energy

A

Chemical
Electrical
Mechanical
Radiant

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5
Q

Chemical

A

Stores in bonds of chemical sub

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6
Q

Electrical

A

Movement of charged particles

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7
Q

Mechanical

A

Directly in moving matter

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8
Q

Radiant

A

Travels in waves (ex: heat, x rays, visible light)

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

off protons in nucleus

number of protons in nucleus

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10
Q

Isotopes

A

Structural vartiy of same element

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11
Q

Atomic weight

A

Average of mass # of all isotope forms of an atom

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12
Q

Mass number

A

Total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus

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13
Q

Four elements

A

OCHN make up 96% of body mass

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14
Q

O

A

65%
(Oxygen) used to generate ATP, a molecule
used by cells to temporarily store chemical energy.

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15
Q

C

A

(Carbon) 18%
Forms backbone chains and rings of all organic molecules: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleIc acids (DNA and RNA)

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16
Q

H

A

9.5%
(Hydrogen) A proton it influences the PH of body fluids.

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17
Q

N

A

(Nitrogen) proteins and nucleic acids

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18
Q

protons

A

positive charge (+) and weigh 1 amu (atomic mass unit)

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19
Q

Neutrons

A

have no charge (0) and weigh 1 amu

20
Q

electrons

A

negative charge (-) are tiny they have no weight 0 amu

21
Q

radioisotopes

A

are isotopes that decompose to more stable forms. (isotope decays, subatomic particles that are being given off release of radioactivity

22
Q

molecules combing matter

A

2 or more atoms bonded together

23
Q

Compound combing matter

A

specific molecule that has 2 or more different kinds of atoms share together

24
Q

Mixture

A

combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended not bonded

25
Q

3 types of mixture

A
  1. Solutions
  2. Colloids
  3. suspensions
26
Q

Chemical Bonds

A

Occurs when atoms are held together by forces of attraction

27
Q

3 bonds

A
  1. Ionic
  2. Covalent
  3. Hydrogen
28
Q

Anion

A

negative (-) atom gained one or more electrons -

28
Q

Ion

A

an atom that has lost or gained an electron

28
Q

Cation

A

positive (+) atom lost one or more electrons

28
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

When 2 or more atoms share electrons rather than donating/receiving

29
Q

polar Cov bonds

A

unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms = electrically polar molecules

29
Q

Nonpolar Cov bonds

A

equal share of electrons between atoms

29
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak bonds that result from attraction of oppositely charges parts of molecules
Stabilize molecular structure of large molecules

30
Q

chemical equations

A

occur when chemical bonds are formed, rearranged or broken

31
Q

Reactions

A

starting sub

32
Q

product

A

ending sub

33
Q

Types of chemical reactions

A

Synthesis
Decomposition
Exchange
Oxidation-reduction

34
Q

Synthesis (combination)

A

reacts atoms or molecules combining to form larger molecules, use anabolic (building)
A+B -> AB

35
Q

Decomposition

A

breakdown of a molecule into smaller molecules. use catabolic (bond-breaking) reactions.
AB-> A +B

36
Q

Exchange

A

bonds are both made and broken
𝐴𝐡+𝐢 →𝐴𝐢+𝐡
𝐴𝐡+𝐢𝐷 →𝐴𝐷+𝐢𝐡

37
Q

reduction-oxidation

A

Atoms are reduced when they gain electrons and oxidized when they
lose electrons

38
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

Release more energy than is consumes

39
Q

Endergonic

A

Use more energy than it produces

40
Q

Activation reaction

A

ensure more products will be formed, add energy

41
Q

Catalysts

A

increase the rate of reaction without being chemically changed or becoming part of the product

42
Q

Reversibility

A

All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible

𝐴+𝐡 ↔𝐴𝐡

Ap 1 (8 decks)

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