Chapter 3

Question 1

Essential nutrients

Answer 1

Are those that just be provided by food because the body does not produce sufficient quantities or cannot make them at all

Question 2

Acids

Answer 2

A substance that neutralizes a base (alkaline) in a liquid solution; foods such as citrus juice, vinegar, and wine that have a sour or sharp flavour( most foods are slightly acidic) acids have a ph if less than 7

Question 3

Calorie

Answer 3

A calorie is the way to describe the amount of energy in food. The number of calories in a food is measured by a device called a calorimeter.

Question 4

Coenzymes

Answer 4

Any of various small substances, many of which contain a vitamin b that promote or assist an enzymes activities

Question 5

Simple carbohydrates

Answer 5

Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides (single sugars) and disaccharides (double sugars). Simple carbs are found in in naturally occurring sugars in fruit, vegetables, and milk, aswell as in sweeteners such as honey, corn syrup, and table sugar.

Question 6

Complex carbohydrates

Answer 6

Complex carbohydrates comprise long chains of the monosaccharide glucose. They are found in vegetables,fruits, and cereal grains. They are turned into glucose in the body.

Question 7

Dietary fibre

Answer 7

Indigestible carbohydrates found in grains,fruits, and vegetables; fibre aids digestion

Question 8

Lipids

Answer 8

Lipids are the fats and cholesterols we consume.

Question 9

Bases

Answer 9

A substance that neutralizes an acid in a liquid solution; ingredient such as sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) that have an alkaline or bitter flavour; bases have a ph if more than 7

Question 10

Metabolism

Answer 10

All of the chemical reactions and physical process that occur continuously in living cells and organisms

Question 11

Omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 11

A linked used to reduce heart disease- healthy fats- decrease bar cholesterol

Question 12

Photochemicals

Answer 12

Plant foods that may be important in preventing some forms of cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, and other degenerative diseases

Question 13

Flavonoids

Answer 13

Act as antioxidants in the body to help eliminate free radicals.

Question 14

Saturated fat

Answer 14

Found mainly in animal products and tropical oils, usually solid at room temp. Less healthy. Ex butter and lard

Question 15

Monounsaturated

Answer 15

Fats that are usually oil at room temp

Question 16

Polyunsaturated fat

Answer 16

Same as unsaturated fats/ monounsaturated fats

Question 17

Trans fat

Answer 17

Unhealthy fat created when vegetable oil is solidified