Chapter #3 Flashcards
what is scientific method?
is the set of assumptions, rules, and procedures scientists use to conduct research. which are:
-Empirical
-Objective
-Replicable
Laws?
Principles that are so general as to apply to all situations in a given domain of inquiry. (e.g. Law of gravity)
Research Hypothesis?
a specific prediction about the
relationship between two or more variables
Deception?
occurs whenever research participants are not fully informed about the nature of the research project before participating in it.
Research Design?
the specific method a researcher uses to collect, analyze, and interpret data.
Descriptive research?
is designed to create a snapshot of the current thoughts, feelings, or behaviour of individuals.
Naturalistic Observation?
research based on the observation of everyday events.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS?
numbers that summarize the distribution of scores on a measured variable.
Correlation Research?
To assess the relationships between and among two or more variables.
Experimental research?
To assess the causal impact of one or more experimental manipulations on a dependent variable.
Normal Distribution?
the frequency of scores or data
Double-blind study?
both the participants and the researcher don’t know
the conditions participants are assigned to
Single blind study?
either the participants or the researcher do not know
the conditions participants are assigned to
four major types of threats to the validity of research?
- construct validity.
- internal validity.
- external validity.
- statistical conclusion validity.
Construct validity?
the test or reaserch accuretly assesses what its suposed to.
Internal Validity?
acause and affect happwned but cannot explaine why
External validity?
the reaserch results extend to other scenarios, populations, etc. (a.k.a. Generalizability
statistical conclusion validity
the extent to which we can be certain that the researcher has drawn accurate conclusions about the statistical significance of the research
Meta-Analysis
a statistical technique that uses the results of existing studies to integrate and draw conclusions about those studies.
Exact replication?
a scientist attempts to exactly recreate the scientific methods used in conditions of an earlier study to determine whether the results come out the same
Conceptual Replication?
a scientist tries to confirm the previous findings using a different set of specific methods that test the same idea
