Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the definition of Perception
Experiences resulting from stimulation of the senses
What is the Inverse Projection Problem
the task of determining the object that caused a specific image on the retina
What is Viewpoint Invariance
The ability to recognize an object seen from different viewpoints
What are the 2 types of information used by the human perceptual system
1) environmental energy stimulating your receptors
2) knowledge/expectations that you bring out to the situation
What is the difference between “Bottom-up processing” and “Top-down processing”
Bottom-up = processing that starts with information received by the receptors
Top-down = processing that involves a persons knowledge or expectations
What is Speech Segmentation
The ability to tell when one word in a conversation ends and the next one begins
What are Transitional Probabilities, and what is it called when you are learning about transitional probabilities
the likelihood that one sound will follow another within a word
eg.pre and tty go together. But tty and lad dont.
The process of learning about transitional probabilities is called “statistical learning”
What is the likelihood principle
we perceive an object based off of stimuli we have already seen in the past (Helmholtz’s theory)
What is an unconscious inference
Helmholtz’s idea that some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions that we make about the environment
gestalt psychologists rejected the idea that perceptions were formed by adding up _________. (structuralism)
Sensations
What is the Apparent movement illusion
an illusion where stimuli in different locations are flashed one after the other rapidly, making it seem like one
Because of Wertheimer, one of the basic principles of Gestalt psychology is what?
“The whole is different than the sum of its parts”
What is the principle of similarity
similar things appear to be grouped together
