Chapter 3 Flashcards
Neurons…
Transit signals to and from the CNS
What is the membrane potential created by?
Electrolyte distribution across membranes
Localized changes in membrane potential are triggered by the _____ ______.
Local environment
Action potentials occur with complete ________ of the neuron.
Depolarization
Myelination…
Speeds transmission of nerve impulses
Larger diameter = ______ transmission
Faster
Impulses are propagated across the synapse by ___________.
Neurotransmitters
The neuromuscular junction is a
Specialized synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell
What are the two major neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are
The frontal lobe of the cerebrum is the location for?
Motor control functions
Key point of primary motor cortex?
Pyramidal cell neurons, conscious control of skeletal muscles.
Key point of basal ganglia?
Nerve cell clusters are important for initiating sustained movements
Diencephalon is composed mostly of the ______ and ________.
Thalamus, hypothalamus
The ________ helps control rapid and complex muscular activities.
Cerebellum
The brain stem is composed of the ______, ____, and _______ _______.
Midbrain. pons, and medulla oblongata
3 Key points of the Spinal Cord
- connected to the brain via medulla oblongata
- Carries both sensory and motor fibers
- Allows conduction of nerve impulses to and from the brain
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) controls?
Senses, movement, and unconscious processes
The two main subsystems of the PNS:
- Autonomic
- Somatic
Autonomic vs Somatic?
Subconscious, conscious
PNS sensory division contains?
mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and thermoreceptors
Motor division is the origin of ______ ________ ______ from the CNS
efferent nerve impulses
Autonomic nervous system controls?
Involuntary functions (HR, vasodilation, BP, metabolic rate, liver glucose release, kidney blood flow, etc.)
What does the parasympathetic nervous system control?
Digestion, urine production, hormone secretion, coronary vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction.
The effects of the parasympathetic nervous system tend to ______ the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Oppose
Sensory Input can…?
Terminate at various levels of the CNS
Reflex activity is the…?
Simplest form of motor control
Muscle spindles monitor _____ _____.
muscle length
Golgi tendon organs monitor what?
Tension in muscle-tendon complex
What triggers a motor response?
alpha-motor neurons
