Chapter 3 Flashcards
oste/o ost/o
bones
myel/o
bone marrow
chondr/o
cartilage
arthr/o
joints
ligament/o
ligaments
synovi/o synov/o
synovial membrane/synovial fluid
burs/o
bursa
ankyl/o
crooked, bent, stiff
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
-desis
to bind or tie together
kyph/o
bent, hump
lord/o
curve, swayback, bent
scoli/o
curved, bent
lumb/o
lumbar, lower back
acetabulum
also known as the hip socket; the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.
spondyl/o
vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone
allogenic
originating within another
ankylosing spondylitis
“a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.”
arthrodesis
“the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder.”
arthroscopy
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope.
autologous
originating within an individual
avascular necrosis
an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow.
bone marrow transplant
a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas.
callus
a bulging deposit that forms around the area of the break in a bone; also a thickening of the skin that is caused by repeated rubbing
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of cartilage
comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
compression fracture
a fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself.
costochondritis
inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sterum.
crepitation
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.
dual x-ray absorptiometry
a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density.
fat embolus
the release of fat cells from yellow bone marrow into the bloodstream when a long bone is fractured
gout
a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints
hallux valgus
an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
hemarthrosis
blood within a joint
hematopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
internal fixation
fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place
kyphosis
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
an autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue
laminectomy
surgical removal of the lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra
lordosis
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine.
lumbago
“the general term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine”
malleolus
a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.
manubrium
the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.
metacarpals
the five bones that form the palms of the hand
metatarsals
form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached.
multiple myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow.
open fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
orthopedic surgeon
also known as an orthopedist; a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles
orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such as a shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
osteitis
inflammation of a bone
osteoarthritis
the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging.
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage.
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bone in adults
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
osteopenia
thinner-than-average bone density
osteoporosis
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging
osteoporotic hip fracture
a fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall.
Paget’s disease
a chronic bone disease of unknown cause, characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.
pathologic fracture
a fracture that occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain.
percutaneous vertebroplasty
treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column
podiatrist
specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot
polymyalgia rheumatica
an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs
radiculopathy
a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine; also called a pinched nerve.
prothesis
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked
rickets
a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency.
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
spinal stenosis
is a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain.
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.
spiral fracture
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
spondylolisthesis
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it
spondylosis
a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function.
subluxation
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint.
synovectomy
surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee.
vertebrae
bony structural units of the spinal column
