Chapter 3

Question 1

What year was the Kerner Commission report published?

Answer 1

1968

Question 2

What did the Kerner Commission report conclude regarding the racial dynamics in our society?

Answer 2

Our Nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate & unequal

Question 3

define learned helplessness

Answer 3

condition in which person suffers from sense of powerlessness (from traumatic event or persistent failure)

Question 4

Unemployment statistics typically do not count three important groups of workers. Specify the three groups.

Answer 4

1. discouraged workers
2. part-time employees who want full-time jobs but can’t find them
3. workers in “underground community” who get paid in cash

Question 5

define social capital

Answer 5

network of friends, contacts, relationships

Question 6

define cultural capital

Answer 6

education, knowledge, skills, trade

Question 7

define economic capital

Answer 7

financial resources, income

Question 8

How does the government define poverty?

Answer 8

Below minimum needed for adequate living

Question 9

define strain theory

Answer 9

social pressure to achieve goals can lead to deviant behavior when individuals lack means to achieve these goals

Question 10

define differential association theory

Answer 10

Holds that criminal behavior is learned behavior

Question 11

define social disorganization theory

Answer 11

focuses on inner cities, poverty conditions = less law abiding people

Question 12

define conflict theory

Answer 12

CJ administration reflects realities of social inequalities, powerful groups use CJ system to maintain dominant position

CJ system and respective communities are in conflict