Chapter 3 Flashcards
A mechanical device that is used to form and record the rays of light ( as reflected by the objects) on the
film inside the light box.
CAMERA
Simple design and construction, usually home-made consisting of a box having a small aperture functioning as a lens at one end, the image being projected on the film at the other end.
PIN HOLE CAMERA
The camera’s lens is incorporated into the bellows,which is slid back and fort along a rail to change focus
The dark cloth covering the photographer and the box body of the camera blocks out undesirable light, which might otherwise interfere with the picture.
FOLDING CAMERA
It uses a mirror that reflex an image of the scene upward onto viewing screen.
TWIN LENS REFLECT CAMERA
This refers to a simple camera that is little more than a pinhole camera, the pinhole is replaced by the lens to enable the photographer lighter to be recorded.
BOX CAMERA
It literally allows anyone to
capture beautiful images by simply pointing the camera at the subject by clicking the shutter. Also known as the point-and-shoot camera. It is the most user friendly of all camera types
COMPACT DIGITAL/POINT AND SHOOT CAMERAS
cameras take photos too the next level of image quality. This more “serious” type of camera is best known for delivering remarkably sharp and spectacular images.
DIGITAL SINGLE LENS REFLEX (DSLR) CAMERAS
The latest in professional cameras. They are basically more compact DSLR’s without the internal mirror that reflex light onto the sensor.
MIRRORLESS CAMERA
Common _________________ like GoPro can fit of your hand, but they’re some of the most durable and versatile types of digital cameras that offer very high resolution output.
ACTION CAMERAS
is a fun gadget that prints your
picture directly from the camera itself using selfdeveloping film some of the best instant cameras comes from popular brands such as Fujifilm and Polaroid.
INSTANT CAMERAS (POLAROID)
Camera of phones
SMARTPHONE CAMERAS
• All cameras are basically the same.
• Each is a box with a piece of film in one end and a hole in the other.
• The job is always the same: to get light onto film to form image.
ANATOMY OF A CAMERA
Main parts of a Camera
LENS and SHUTTER
A disc of transparent glass generally bounded by two spherical surfaces capable of transforming an image.
LENS
An adjustable mechanism that regulates the amount of light reaching the film by verifying the length of time.This is a control by which you can determine how long in time the lens will remain open for light to be recorded on the film.
SHUTTER
It is made up of overlapping blades powered by a spring. Located between the aperture and the lens or in between the lens. They will give speed up to 1/500th of a second.
BLADE OR BETWEEN THE LENS SHUTTER
Consists of two metal blinds that opens progressively or made of a black cloth and generally located very near the focal plane.
These shutters are pre-set; it has to be cocked before release.It can be set and synchronized at all speed
FOCAL PLANE SHUTTER
Move the lens back and forth which allows the photographer to create a sharp image of the subject
FOCUSING RING
A small opening on a camera usually circular in shape and usually variables in the form of iris diaphragm that regulates the intensity of light which passes through the lens.
DIAPHRAGM OR APERTURE
A part of camera that is twisted to advance the film inside and to check the number of exposures.
FILM ADVANCE LEVER
An adjustable mechanism that regulates the amount of light reaching the film by varying the length of time light is allowed to pass through the lens.
SHUTTER
It will control the length of time when light is allowed to strike the synthesized materials.
SHUTTER SPEED DIAL
Part of the camera which when pressed will keep the shutter in open position.
SHUTTER RELEASE BUTTON
A viewing instruments attached to a camera, used to obtain proper composition.
VIEW FINDER WINDOW
The time setting of a camera-this is automatically operated to allow the photographer to participate in photo-taking.
SELF TIMER
It holds the film firmly inside the camera. It is always located at the opposite side of the lens.
FILM HOLDER/CHAMBER
It is where the flash bulb is inserted for indoor photography
ACCSESSORY LIGHT SHOE/HOT SHOE
It is where flash bulb chord is plugged for synchronization to the camera.
FLASH TERMINAL
IMPORTANTS CONTROL IN THE CAMERA
- FOCUSING CONTROL-
- FOCUSING RING
- SHUTTER SPEED CONTROL
- APERTURE OR DIAPHRAGM CONTROL
It the means by which the object distance is estimated or calculated to form sharp or clear images
FOCUS
The adjusting or changing the distance between the focal plane and the length
FOCUSING CONTROLLER
Type of Focus
- SCALE BED TYPE or FOCUSING SCALE
- MICRO PRISM or RANGE FINDER TYPE
- GROUND GLASS TYPE
- DEPTH OF FIELD
These distances correspond to the distance from the camera to the subject.
SCALE BED TYPE or FOCUSING SCALE
These are finely etched prism which breaks up the image; they are brought together as you focus.
MICRO PRISM
Two types of range finder:
SPLIT IMAGE and CO-INCIDENT IMAGE
Two prism which split your image
in half as you focus both halves re-joins to form a clear image.
SPLIT IMAGE
This refers to usually to compact a camera that is using a fixed lens.
CO-INCIDENT IMAGE
The whole of the image on this screen will progressively become
sharp. It is found at the back of the camera or in case of modern,also coupled with the view finder
GROUND GLASS TYPE
The distance between the nearest object and farthest object that appears to be focus when the lens is focus on infinity. Also called focus range or effective focus range.
DEPTH OF FIELD
TWO TYPES OF DEPTH OF FIELD (DOF)
DEEP DOF and SHALLOW DOF
Captures a larger area in focus, often keeping everything in the image sharp and clear.
DEEP DOF
Refers to a small area in focus. While the background is blurred. This is best for portraits
SHALLOW DOF
This control is utilized manipulating the ASA/ISO on DIN dial of the camera. Basically, the shutter and the f/number are both controlling the system of the rays of light that enters
FILM SPEED CONTROL
The view of the subject subtended by two lines emerging the corners of the film extending to the center of the lens.
ANGLE OF VIEW
It is a device that controls the quantity of light that passes through the lens. It is an iris type mechanism, which shrinks or grows in order to let in less or more lights.
APERTURE
The smaller the f/number, the larger it is the aperture. Thus, allowing more light reaching the film to compensate for the duration of the shutter curtain travelling time.
Aperture Opening
FUNCTIONS OF THE APERTURE
•As a controller of light
• As a controller of depth of field
The time for which the shutter is held open during the taking of photograph to allow light to reach the
film or imaging sensor (in a digital camera). It regulates the amount of time that reaches the film.
It is controlled by the shutter speed dial.
SHUTTER SPEED
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SHUTTER SPEED
FAST SHUTTER and SLOW SHUTTER
It will allow less light to reach the
film
FAST SHUTTER
It will allow more lights to reach
the film
SLOW SHUTTER
EFFECTS OF SHUTTER SPEED ON THE PHOTOGRAPH
Fast shutter speed and Slow shutter speed
Used to freeze motion.
FAST SHUTTER SPEED
Used to emphasize motion.
SLOW SHUTTER SPEED
When shooting water in high speed, you can make the water look frozen. It will take a shutter speed of 1/500 or faster to make this magic happen
SHOOTING WATER
Kinds of Shutter
1.Those Placed Before the Lens
2. Those Placed Behind the Lens
3. Between the Lens Shutter
4.Focal Plane Shutter
This refers to filter on a box camera usually made of thin metallic disc with an open slot which is made to pass in front of the lens by spring
Those Placed Before the Lens
This refers to professional or portrait cameras; consist of three metallic leaves which are kept by a spring
Those Placed Behind the Lens
This refers to a number of metals that overlaps and arranged in a circle; these blades are opened and closed by pins on movable ring
Between the Lens Shutter
This refers to light tight overlapping curtains containing a narrow slit which passes across the focal plane in front of the film. Driven by a spring, this window moves across the film as it moves. The amount of light is controlled by the speed of the curtain and the width of the slit. The amount itself - Just in front of the lens of the film, of focal plane rather than the lens
Focal Plane Shutter
Characteristics of Subjects;
- Brilliant
- Bright
- Average
- Shaded
This refers to beach, marine and snow scenes; landscapes and mountains without prominent dark object in the foreground
BRILLIANT
This refers to people in marine, beach or snow scenes with foreground objects
BRIGHT
This refers to nearby people, gardens, houses and scenes not in shades.
AVERAGE
This refers to subjects in the open
SHADED
This refers to length of time needed by the light ray to reach and affect the film inside the camera that is restricted by the shutter speed control of the camera.
SHUTTER SPEED CONTROL
