CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
When did romantic love become important?
During industrialization when people began to move to cities and choice of potential partners increased
Before industrialization, there was limited options so choice and romantic was never really a thing, you just married who you were set up/expected to.
(physical attraction was important for the first time ever in determining partners)
What do dating rituals create
social bonds in ways that other people find important, while maintaining social stereotypes/norms.
Ex. the man in a heterosexual relationship is expected to take initiative to ask the women on the date.
Do the fundamental rules of romance still apply today?
YES –> still traditional forms of dating among young people today
Are men or women more likely to take dating rituals more seriously?
Women!
Man are more likely to think of gift giving as an __________ exchange, rather than an ____________ exchange
Instrumental rather than Emotional exchange
Men often think giving gifts demands something in exchange (like sex)
What is the “looking glass” theory of self?
We see ourselves based on other people’s responses to us.
**ppl see themselves in the “mirror” through the way people act around us
Does the way we view ourselves align with our assessments/judgements of others?
YES!
For men who rate their own attractiveness highly rate potential partners highly (their own intelligence plays little part in the ratings they give)
For women, the attractiveness ratings women give to others are affected mainly by their own intelligence (not by judgments of their self-perceived attractiveness)
What is complementary needs theory?
When we seek a partner, people are usually drawn to someone whose needs are opposite and complementary to their own.
“Opposites attract”
Ex. a shy, introverted person may choose to mate with a confident, extroverted person.
Who proposed complementary needs theory?
Robert Winch
What is exchange theory?
sees marriage as give-and-take relationship where each partner gives something and gets something different but of equal value.
Argues that the stability of a close relationship depends on how well an exchange between partners balances
Includes 1) expressive exchange and 2) instrumental exchange
What is expressive exchange in exchange theory?
An exchange of EMOTIONAL and SEXUAL benefits
Women do more expressive work than men along with more housework/care work
What is instrumental exchange in exchange theory?
An exchange of practical and useful benefits (unpaid work or financial support)
Men do more instrumental wage-earning work.
What is evolutionary theory?
Charles Darwins approach to ecology –> see human partner selection as guided by principles that increase humanity’s survival chances.
How would ecological theory argue how the genetic survival strategies differ between men and women?
- Men are genetically programmed to seek women who are fertile, as signalled by their youth and sexual attractiveness.
- Men may want to select many such partners at the same time (since they can fertilize women easily and often)
- Women must be more selective because pregnancy is a major investment of time and energy (women are genetically programmed to seek a man who can supply the best long-term social and economic advantages)
What is Social Role theory?
Argues that people seek partners who best represent the ideal characteristics of their gender.
(Women will seek masculine men and men will seek feminine women)
How does social role theory apply to modern marriages today?
Marriages today struggle with these traditional & gendered social roles when both partners are working
**highly educated men look for ambitious, career-oriented women when they choose a partner, but they may also expect that same woman to fit into a traditional housewife role (hard to have both –> this theory is hard to apply)
Canada, who falls slightly _________ egalitarian countries for gender equality, young people make slightly more __________ gendered choices.
BELOW
TRADITIONAL
What is the erotic capital?
the value assigned to an individual based on their sexual attractiveness.
What are the 6 aspects of erotic capitalism?
- Beauty
- Sexiness
- Grace and charm
- Liveliness and animation
- Social presentation
- Sexual expertise
What is “beauty premium”?
an above-average wage that is given to attractive workers
(Evidence from a few studies prove this)
Arranged marriages in today’s society are a form of ______________?
Endogamy
(marriage to a member of one’s own tribe or social group)
What are some reasons for arranged marriage?
- Ensure that a certain religion passes on to the next generation
- The choice of a marriage partner is too important to leave to the superficial desires of youth (ex. To seduction by erotic capital)
- Can build bonds with other families
