CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
In preindustrial societies, all large units of social organization grew from what 3 “building blocks”?
1) spouses
2) siblings
3) parents and children
**extented families are continuations of these 3 primary relationships
What were the main shifts from preindustrial –> modern industrial societies
- family ties are not as important for survival
- class position and education become important and shape life chances
- more “distant relations” (friendships, acquaintances, and formal roles)
- Close relations are important still for emotional reasons (not lost in Western societies)
Was it the French or the British who APPROVED of intermarriges between fur traders and Indigenous women?
The French encouraged (Samuel de Champlain famously encouraged his men to marry Indigenous women to create one great French nation)
The British disapproved of these intermarriages
What was the result of intermarriages between early fur traders and Indigenous women?
Metis Peoples
Metis children were often caught in the middle of 2 cultures → The indigenous were more accepting of Metis ppl than the Europeans.
In North America the settlers brought with them new and unequal ________ norms.
GENDER NORMS
Indigenous women were seen as powerful and strong, but the settlers brought over the European model of women that was submissive and less than.
What are the similarities between gender inequality and colonial (racial) inequality?
- both assume that some ppl are superior and others are inferior
- both forms regulate ppl against their will
Metis women and children were specifically crucial to the ________________.
women = crucial to the trade posts for economic and diplomatic purposes
children = vital part of the fur trade workforce
Describe the damages the Indian Act does to Indigenous communities
- denied Indian status to children born to Status Indian women and non-Status Indian men or non-Indigenous men
- Banned the burial of family members or relatives who had either lost status or had never been granted status on their former, or affiliated, Indian reserve.
What were Filles du Roi?
due to a gender imbalance in New France, colonial authorities imported 770 women to New France from the streets of Paris → surprisingly, there was a low divorce rate and most marriages with these girls lasted.
What are marriage trends in Quebec today?
- men and women are significantly more likely to live in common-law unions than other Canadians
- Women from Quebec do not take her husband’s name on marriage.
(Quebec got their own legal code on family matters from British Authorities, so that is why their practices are diff from the rest of Canada)
What did civil and family law focus on in English and French Settler Families?
concentrated on power, authority, and property in the hands of men → marriage for women meant dependence on the man.
Define Gemeinschaft
a type of community of pre industrial rural life, where everyone knows everyone and people share common values.
What were the main family changes with Industrialization?
- drove many families and family members out of the countryside and into new towns/cities
- Nuclear families emerged to be the most dominant!
- Was very hard to survive in these cities with only 1 or 2 incomes, children often had to find work too → children were more independent in industrialised societies than in rural societies (new image of childhood emerged!)
How did the introduction of new household technology in the 1900s effect the family?
CHANGED WHAT WAS EXPECTED OF WOMEN
- Husband expected the house to be cleaner than it ever was before
- raised standards of living and increased the time women spent shopping.
- Women were no longer producers of goods to sell but rather specialists in consuming goods
Define the “Mechanisation” of housework
Home economists worked to raise the esteem of homemakers by promoting the idea that the new technologies needed SKILLED OPERATORS.
Women now became responsible for all things related to the family and the household because they were the only ones “skilled” enough to do so.
How does immigration differ between European immigrants and other immigrants?
- Women from more traditional countries may face problems in adjusting after immigration because of the rigid gender roles they were used to in their home countries
- Have difficulty understanding or expressing themselves in English or French.
Historically, what are some examples of Canada discriminating against immigration?
Chinese immigration to Canada had racially discriminatory laws such as the head tax and the Chinese Exclusion Act (banned Chinese workers from bringing over their wives and children).
In times of war, Canada created internment camps to house Japanese Canadians and Ukrainian Canadians
How do women immigrants experience immigration differently than men?
Often viewed as women having “dependent” status and men having “independent” status.
Lots of social vulnerability of migrant women bc of this
**immigration policies may seem gender neutral, but it isn’t really that way in reality.
In 2007, the federal government set up the ___________________________ and formally apologised for the Indian residential school system.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
How did the effects of war change family dynamics?
- brought a bunch of married women into the labour force to replace the men who had gone overseas to fight (encouraged by government and they earned mens wages)
- When men returned, women had become more independent during wartime and demanded more autonomy and authority within the household
(threatened the traditional model of the nuclear family!) - Fathers played a greater role in children’s socialisation than in the past
- rise of second-wave feminism
People born between the 2 world wars (1919 - 1939) married at _________ ages than people had done in the past
YOUNGER
Nuclear families were started quickly.
