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Abnormal Psych > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

theoretical orientation

A

how therapists view mental health

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2
Q

biological model

A

medicine focused, physical processes are key to human behavior

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3
Q

psychodynamic model

A

a persons behavior is based on underlying psychological forces that the individual isn’t aware of

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4
Q

what is Huntington’s Disease caused by

A

a loss of cells in basal gangila

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5
Q

what abnormally functioning chemical can cause mental health problems

A

neurotransmitters

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6
Q

abnormally functioning serotonin can cause

A

depression

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7
Q

abnormally functioning norepinephrine can cause

A

depression

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8
Q

abnormally functioning GABA can cause

A

anxiety

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9
Q

abnormally functioning dopamine can cause

A

schizophrenia/psychosis

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10
Q

what abnormal functioning hormone causes anxiety

A

cortisol

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11
Q

most disorders are…

A

genetic

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12
Q

some genetic disorders are

A

mood disorders, schizophrenia, and alzheimer’s disease

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of biological treatment

A

drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and neurosurgery

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14
Q

what are the 5 groups of drugs

A

anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-bipolar, anti-psychotic, and stimulant medications

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15
Q

what does shock therapy do

A

helps with depression, electrical current will pass through the brain causing a seizure. seizure has to last 25-120 seconds to be considered effective

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16
Q

neurosurgery can help with…

A

depression, anxiety, and OCD

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17
Q

the biological model works best with…

A

schizophrenia and bipolar disorders

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18
Q

the behavioral model focuses on the idea that…

A

our actions are determined largely by our life experiences

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19
Q

what are the 3 forms of conditioning

A

operant conditioning, classical conditioning, and modeling

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20
Q

operant conditioning is characterized by…

A

behavior shaped via rewards and punishments

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21
Q

modeling is…

A

the idea that individuals learn by observing and repeating behavior. mostly involving children

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22
Q

classical conditioning are…

A

behaviors are learned by connecting a neutral stimulus with a positive one

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23
Q

what famous scientist did a classical conditioning experiment on his dog?

A

Ivan Pavolv played a tone before he fed his dog which conditioned his dog to salivate when the tone is played

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24
Q

extinction

A

after conditioning, if the neutral stimulus is presented alone, the conditioning will be unlearned

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25
contingent reinforcement example
sticker chart
26
punishment example
time out
27
exposure example
facing your fears
28
systematic desensitization example
pairing relaxation with exposure
29
increasing reinforcement example
behavioral activation (used when sleeping too much)
30
what does the exposure technique do
treats phobias and anxiety, usually will create a fear hierarchy
31
how does the fear hierarchy work?
low level to high level, working backwards to face fears
32
strengths in the behavior field
based on things you can see, works well with anxiety, good research
33
weaknesses in the behavior field
simplistic, downplays role of cognition and emotion
34
father of the psychodynamic model
sigmund freud
35
psychoanalytic
older
36
psychodynamic
newer
37
id
guided by the pleasure principle, basic instinct, no logic (food or sex)
38
ego
guided by the reality principle, mediating between id and superego
39
superego
guided by the morality principle, conscious
40
what are the three unconscious forces
id, ego, superego
41
a healthy personality exists when compromise exists between the forces...
a dysfunctional personality is when the forces have unresolved conflict
42
what are the ego defense mechanisms
repression, denial, projection, rationalization, displacement, intellectualization, and regression
43
repression
person avoids anxiety by not allowing dangerous thoughts to become conscious
44
denial
person refuses to acknowledge the existence of an external source of anxiety
45
projection
person assigns own unacceptable impulses, motives, or desires to other individuals
46
rationalization
person creates a socially acceptable reason for an action that actually reflects unacceptable motives
47
displacement
person displaces hostility from a dangerous object and onto a safer substitute
48
intellectualization
person represses emotional reactions, reasoning is used to block confrontation and it's associated emotional stress (trauma cases)
49
regression
person leaves from a conflict to an early developmental stage at which no one is expected to behave maturely or responsibly
50
psychosexual stages of development are
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
51
oral
0-18 months
52
anal
18 months to 3 years
53
phallic
3 to 5 years
54
latency
5 to 12 years
55
genital
12 years to adulthood
56
psychodynamic therapy techniques include
free association, catharsis, and working through
57
therapists interpretation of resistance is
person who's unwilling to work with therapist
58
therapists interpretation of transference is
person who treats their therapist as someone they know
59
catharsis
an insight the patient reaches
60
the cognitive model is focused on
the assumptions, attributions, attitudes, and thoughts of the client
61
the founders of cognitive therapy are
aaron beck and albert ellis
62
maladaptive thinking is the cause of...
maladaptive behavior
63
cognitive therapists try to...
change their clients way of thinking
64
what is the abc model
a tool used in cognitive behavioral therapy to recognize irrational events and beliefs
65
A stands for
activating event
66
B stands for
beliefs about the event
67
C stands for
consequences
68
what are the 3 levels of cognition
core beliefs/schemas, attitudes/rules/assumptions, and automatic thoughts
69
cognitive distortions
errors in thinking
70
what are the different kinds of cognitive disortions
all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, disqualifying the positive, jumping to conclusions, and catastrophizing
71
all-or-nothing thinking
seeing things in black-and-white, good or bad, no middle ground
72
overgeneralization
seeing a single event as a never ending pattern example: always going to fail exams
73
disqualifying the positive
rejecting positive experience as "not counting", maintaining the negative belief
74
jumping to conclusions
making negative interpretations in the absence of data
75
subtypes of jumping to conclusions are
mind reading and fortune telling
76
catastrophizing
anticipating horrible consequences of the outcomes of events
77
reappraisal
reconstructing how people think
78
techniques of cognitive therapy are
cognitive reconstructing and problem solving skills
79
humanist views are
emphasis on people as friendly, cooperative, and constructive. focusing on self actualizing
80
existentialist views are
emphasis on self determination, choice, individual responsibility, and authenticity
81
Rogers' client centered therapy. humanistic or existential model?
therapist provides unconditional positive regard and positive reinforcement. humanistic model
82
Fritz Perls created...
the gestalt theory. help clients achieve self recognition through challenge and frustration
83
techniques of gestalt are...
skillful frustration, role playing/empty chair, rules such as "here and now" and "I" language
84
the sociocultural model states that
abnormal behavior is best understood in light of the broad social and cultural forces that influence an individual
85
sociocultural therapists need to look at...
social labels and roles, social connections, family structure and communication, to understand behavior
86
sociocultural treatments include
culturally sensitive therapy, gender sensitive therapy, group therapy, family therapy, couple therapy, and community treatment
87
multicultural perspective
seeks to understand how race, culture, or ethnicity affect behavior and thinking
88
client
calling the shots
89
patient
therapists lead
90
many therapists, clinicians, or practitioners use
a biopsychosocial model
91
eclectic
integrative therapists, whats useful for the client/patient

Abnormal Psych (3 decks)

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