Chapter 3

Question 1

What is data and information?

Answer 1

data is raw facts while information is data that is organised and it is meaningful

Question 2

What is knowledge and wisdom?

Answer 2

Knowledge is human beliefs or perceptions of facts or concepts relevant to that area, wisdom combines knowledge and experience to understand a topic better

Question 3

What is database?

Answer 3

Integrated computer structure that stores end user data (user) and metadata

Question 4

Database and its strengths

Answer 4

a database software allows you to:
1. create database
2. add, change, and delete data
3. sort and retrieve data
4. create forms and reports
Strengths of database:
1. reduced data redundancy
2. shared data
3. easier access
4. reduced development time

Question 5

What is a Hierarchy

Answer 5

Database contains files, file contains records, record contains fields, files contains characters

Question 6

What is field and record?

Answer 6

field is a combination of one or more characters while record, is a group of related fields

Question 7

Examples of common data types?

Answer 7

1. text
2. numeric
3. autonumber
4. currency
5. date/time
   6 yes/no

Question 8

Data maintenance

Answer 8

• adding records
• changing records
• deleting records

Question 9

Data Validation

Answer 9

• a process of comparing data with a set of rules to find out if data input is correct
  example:
  1. alphabetic check
  2. numeric check
  3. range check

Question 10

Database management system (DBMS)

Answer 10

• Is a software system that allows for the creation, organisation, storage, retrieval, and manipulation of large amounts of data.

Question 11

DBMS

Answer 11

Data Definition: The DBMS allows users to define the structure of the database schema, including tables, relationships, constraints, and other metadata.

Data Manipulation: Users can insert, update, delete, and retrieve data from the database using query languages like SQL (Structured Query Language). The DBMS handles the translation and execution of these queries.

Data Storage and Management: The DBMS manages the physical storage of data on disk or other storage media, including data indexing, file organization, and access methods to optimize data retrieval.

Data Security: The DBMS provides mechanisms to control access to the database, ensuring that only authorized users or applications can view or modify the data. It includes user authentication, data encryption, access controls, and auditing capabilities.

Question 12

Database administration

Answer 12

Refers to the process of overseeing and controlling the overall management of an organisation’s data resources. it involves tasks like planning, designing, organising, and maintaining data

Question 13

Big data and Data analytics

Answer 13

big data is massively large data sets that technologies aren’t sufficient enough to analyse them.
Data analytics are raw data in order to make conclusions about an information.
Example: predicting a winner in a game in numerics