chapter 3 Flashcards
definition of metabolism?
the sum of all chemical reactions
when is energy absorbed?
when bonds are broken
when is energy released?
when bonds are formed
anabolic pathways are also called?
biosynthetic pathways
are catabolic pathways exergonic or endergonic?
exergonic
are anabolic pathways exergonic or endergonic?
endergonic
what do catabolic pathways do, and what is an example of one?
they break down large molecules, like digestive enzymes breaking down food
what do anabolic pathways do, and what is an example of one?
they build molecules, like amino acids forming a muscle protein or photosynthesis
define energy
the capacity to do work
the two types of energy are…?
potential and kinetic energy
what is kinetic energy?
energy associated with motion
what is potential energy?
stored energy due to position, which includes bonds
what is an example of kinetic energy?
heat, the kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms and molecules
what is an example of potential energy?
chemical energy, stored energy ready for chemical reactions
define thermodynamics
study of energy transformations that occur in nature
what is a closed system, and what is an example of one?
isolated from surroundings, like liquid in a thermos
what is an open system, and what is an example of one?
energy and matter can be transformed between system and surroundings, like an organism
what is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be transformed from one type to another
what is the second law of thermodynamics?
every energy transformation increases the entropy of the world/energy will be lost
what is free energy?
the system’s energy that is available to work
free energy is released in an _____ reaction
exergonic
free energy is absorbed in an ______ reaction
endergonic
what are the three types of cell work?
chemical, mechanical and transport
ATP is also known as?
adenosine triphosphate
what makes up ATP?
adenine, 3 phosphates and a ribose (sugar)
