chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Work

A

the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance

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2
Q

Work Equation

A

work (in joules) = force (in newtons) x distance (in meters)
W = Fd

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3
Q

Power

A

rate at which work is done

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4
Q

Power Equation

A

power (in watts) = work (in joules)/time (in seconds)
P = w/t

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5
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

the ratio of a machine’s output force produced to the input force applied

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6
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

output force (in newtons)/ input force (in newtons)
MA = F out / F in

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7
Q

Efficiency

A

a machine is the ratio of the output work to the input work

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8
Q

Efficiency (in %)

A

output work (in joules)/ input work (in joules) x 100%
Efficiency = W out/ W in x 100%

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9
Q

Simple machines

A

do work using only one movement

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10
Q

Lever

A

a simple machine made up of a bar that pivots, or rotates, about a fixed point

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11
Q

Fulcrum

A

The point about which a lever pivots

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12
Q

Wheels and axle

A

is an axle attached to the center of a wheel and both rotate together

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13
Q

Ideal mechanical advantage

A

radius of wheel (in meters)/ radius of axle (in meters)
IMA = R wheel/ R axle

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14
Q

Inclined plane

A

a flat, sloped surface, or a ramp
Ideal mechanical advantage

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15
Q

Inclined Plane equation

A

length of inclined plane (in meters)/ height of inclined plane (in meters)
IMA = l/h

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16
Q

Wedge

A

A sloped surface that moves

17
Q

Screw

A

an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

18
Q

Pulley

A

a simple machine that is a grooved wheel with a rope or a cable wrapped around it

19
Q

what must you know to calculate work

A

force and distance

20
Q

what happens when work is done on an object

A

the energy of the object increases

21
Q

What is the rate at which work is done

22
Q

what three ways can a machine make work easier in three ways

A

changing the size of a force, changing the distance of the force acts, or changing the direction of a force

23
Q

what is the mechanical advantage of a machine

A

the ratio of the output force to the input force

24
Q

Because the friction, the output work done by a machine is always_______than the input work of the machine

25
What does friction between moving parts do
converts some of the input work into thermal energy and decreases the efficiency of the machine
26
A simple machine does work using
only one movement
27
The ideal mechanical advantage of simple machines is calculated using
simple formulas
28
A compound machine is made of what
two or more simple machines that operate together
29
when is work done on an object
when the object moves in the direction of the applied force
30
what happens when work is done on an object
energy is transferred to the object
31
how is the efficiency of a machine increase
when a lubricant coats moving parts
32
six simple machines are
lever, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, screw, and pulley