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ag-network A+ > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q 
What is NOT one of the three characteristics of TCP in its role as a reliable delivery protocol?
A) Connection-oriented Protocol
B) Sequencing and checksums
C) Framing
D) Flow Control
A

C) Framing

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2
Q 
What field in an IPv4 packet informs routers the level of precedence they should apply when processing an incoming packet?
A) Differentiated Services (DiffServ)
B) Internet header length (IHL)
C) Time to Live (TTL)
D) Padding
A

A) Differentiated Services (DiffServ)

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3
Q 
A modern ASN consists of how many bits?
A) 16
B) 32
C) 64
D) 128
A

B) 32

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4
Q 
What netstat command option lists only current connections, including IP addresses and port numbers?
A) -s
B) -r
C) -n
D) -o
A

C) -n

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5
Q 
By default, the pathping command sends how many pings per hop?
A) 50
B) 100
C) 200
D) 500
A

B) 100

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6
Q 
Which network routing protocol is a path vector protocol that sends updates between routers using TCP?
A) IS-IS
B) OSPF
C) RIP
D) BGP
A

D) BGP

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7
Q 
At what layer of the OSI model would a TCP or UDP header be added to a payload?
A) Layer 7
B) Layer 4
C) Layer 2
D) Layer 1
A

B) Layer 4

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8
Q 
In a TCP segment, what field indicates how many bytes the sender can issue to a receiver while acknowledgement for the segment is outstanding?
A) urgent pointer
B) sliding window
C) sequence number
D) URG flag
A

B) sliding window

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9
Q

Which of the following is not a task handled by a router?
A) A router forwards broadcasts over the network
B) A router can reroute traffic if the path of first choice is down but a second path is available
C) A router can interpret Layer 3 and often Layer 4 addressing
D) A router can connect dissimilar networks

A

A) A router forwards broadcasts over the network

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10
Q 
The IP connectionless protocol relies on what other protocol to guarantee delivery of data>
A) UDP
B) ICMP
C) TCP
D) ARP
A

C) TCP

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11
Q 
What command can be used on a Cisco router to view the routing table?
A) route print
B) netstat -r
C) route
D) show ip route
A

D) show ip route

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12
Q 
What parameter can be combined with the traceroute command to instruct it to use ICMP echo requests instead of UDP datagrams?
A) -n
B) -p
C) -i
D) -d
A

C) -i

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13
Q 
What TCP field below allows the receiving node to determine whether a TCP segment is corrupted during transmission?
A) checksum
B) sliding window
C) acknowledgement number
D) TCP header length
A

A) checksum

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14
Q

What happens when a router receives a packet with a TTL of 0?
A) The router attempts to forward the traffic on a local network
B) The router drops the packet and sends an ICMP TTL expired message back to the host
C) The router resets the TTL to 128
D) The router marks the packet as corrupted and forwards it to the next hop

A

B) The router drops the packet and sends an ICMP TTL expired message back to the host

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15
Q 
What IPv4 protocol handles multicasting for tasks such as videoconferencing or teleconferencing?
A) ICMP
B) ARP
C) TCP
D) IGMP
A

D) IGMP

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16
Q 
When viewing the routing table on a UNIX system, what flag indicates if a route is a usable route?
A) I
B) H
C) G
D) U
A

D) U

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17
Q 
What routing protocol criteria is defined as the time it takes to recognize a best path change in the event of a network outage?
A) administrative distance detection
B) convergence time
C) overhead calculation
D) downed path detection
A

B) convergence time

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18
Q 
What type of routing protocol enables routers to communicate beyond neighboring routers, allowing each router to create a map of an entire network?
A) distance vector
B) link state
C) exterior gateway
D) map extension
A

B) link state

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19
Q 
What address does ARP work in conjunction with IPv4 to discover? (2)
A) IP
B) MAC
C) ARP
D) physical
A

B) MAC

D) physical

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20
Q 
Which of the following are types of entries an ARP table contains? (2)
A) Static
B) Flat
C) Basic
D) Dynamic
A

A) Static

D) Dynamic

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21
Q 
What versions of the IP protocol are used on networks today?
A) IPv1
B) IPv4
C) IPv6
D) IPv5
A

B) IPv4

C) IPv6

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22
Q 
Which layers of the OSI model are all routers able to interpret?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
A

C) 3

D) 4

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23
Q

What is the sliding window size

A

Indicates how many bites the sender can issue to a receiver while acknowledgement for this segment is outstanding
16 bits

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24
Q

What is checksum

A

Allows the receiving node to determine whether the TCP segment became corrupted

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25
Q

what is an Urgent Pointer

A

Indicates a location in the data were urgent data resides.

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26
Q

What is TCP header

A

Contains filler information to ensure that the size of the TCP header is a multiple of 32 bits

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27
Q

How many fields are there in the TCP header

A

10 Fields

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28
Q

How many fields are there is the UDP header

A

4 Fields

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29
Q

What is the difference between a Datagram and a Packet

A

A datagram is a message that stands alone delivery is not guaranteed and no prior transmission was required

A packet is entire message which includes the segment and header

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30
Q

What is the flags flied in the IPv4 packet

A

Indicates whether a message is fragmented and if it is fragmented whether this packet is the last in the fragment

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31
Q

What is the fragment offset in the IPv4 packet

A

identifies where the packet fragment belongs in the incoming set of fragments

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32
Q

What is the Time to live (TTL) field in the IPv4 packet

A

Indicates the maximum duration that the packet can remain on the network before it is discarded

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33
Q

What is the protocol field in the IPv4 packet

A

Identifies the type of protocol that will receive the packet

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34
Q

What is the header checksum in the IPv4 field

A

Allows the receiving host to calculate whether the IP header has been corrupted during transmission

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35
Q

What is the padding field in the IPv4 packet

A

Contains filter bits to ensure that the header is a multiple of 32 bits

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36
Q

What is the Internet header length IHL in the IPv4 packet

A

Indicates the length of the TCP header in bytes. The header can be 20 to 60 bytes.

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37
Q

What is the differentiated services field in the the IPv4 packet

A

Informs routers the level of precedence they should apply when processing the incoming packet

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38
Q

What is the traffic class field in the IPv6 packet

A

Identifies the packet’s priority

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39
Q

What is the flow label field in the the IPv6 Packet

A

Indicates which flow or sequence of packets from one source to one or multiple destinations the packet belongs to.

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40
Q

What is the Payload length field in the IPv6 packet

A

Indicates the size of the payload or data carried by the packet

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41
Q

What is the Next Header field in the IPv6 fields

A

Identifies the type of header that immediately follows the IP packet header.

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42
Q

What is the Hop Limit field in the IPv6 packet

A

Indicates the number of times that the packet can be forwarded by the routers

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43
Q

What 2 protocols only work with IPv4

A

IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol

ARP - Address Resolution Protocol

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44
Q

What Protocol is utilized by both IPv4 and IPv6

A

ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol

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45
Q

What is the ICMP

A

In the Network Layer

Report the success or failure of message deliver

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46
Q

What is IGMP

A

Internet Group Management Protocol
Operates in the Network Layer
Manages multi-casting
Router use IGMP to determine which nodes belong to certain multicast group and transmit data to all nodes in that group.

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47
Q

What is ARP

A

Address Resolution Protocol
Works with IPv4
Discovers the MAC address of a host
Is a Layer 2 protocol

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48
Q

What is the command to view ARP

A

ARP -a

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49
Q

ARP -a command shows

A

MAC addresses

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50
Q

What are the 3 types of Routers

A

Interior Routers
Border Routers
Exterior Routers

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51
Q

What are the characteristics of an Interior Router

A 
Directs data btw networks in the sam autonomous system
Autonomous Systems (AS) is a group of networks often on the same domain
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52
Q

What are the characteristics of the Border Routers

A

Connect an AS with an outside network

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53
Q

What are the characteristics of the Exterior Router

A

Direct data btw AS these routers operate on the internet backbone

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54
Q

What is Static Routing

A

Is a technique in which a network administrator configures a routing table to direct messages along specific paths btw networks

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55
Q

What is Dynamic Routing

A

Routers automatically calculates the best path between two networks and accumulates this information in the routing table.

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56
Q

What is a Default Gateway

A

Messages are sent to a router or layer 3 switch when their destination is not on the host’s local network

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57
Q

What is a default route

A

Is a backup route when no other route can de determined.

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58
Q

What is the route utility command

A

Windows - Route Print
Linux - route
Cisco show IP Route

59
Q

What are some of the metrics used to determine the routing metrics

A 
Hop count
Bandwidth
Latency
MTU 
Routing Cost
Topology of the network
60
Q

What is MTU

A

Maximum transmission Unit

the largest IP packet size in bytes allowable

61
Q

What is Administrative Distance

A

Each routing protocol is assigned as default AD, which is a number indicating the protocol reliability with the lowest number representing the higher priority

62
Q

What is Convergence Time

A

The time is takes to recognize a best path in the event of a change or network outage

63
Q

What is overhead

A

The burden placed on the underlying network to support the protocol

64
Q

What are Routing Protocols based on

A

Administrative Distance
Convergence Time
Overhead

65
Q

What are some of the common routing protocols

A 
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RIPv2 Routing Information Protocol v2
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
66
Q

What are IGP’s

A

Interior Gateway Protocols - routing protocols used by interior routers with AS
Grouped according to
Distance - Vector Protocols
Link - State Routing Protocols

67
Q

What is Distance - Vector Routing Protocols

A

Calculates the best path to a destination on the basis of the distance to that destination.
RIP and RIPv2 are distance - vector routing protocols

68
Q

What are Link - State routine protocols

A

Enables routers to communicate beyond neighboring routers, after which each router can independently map the network
OSPF and IS-IS are link state routing protocols

69
Q

What is EGP

A

Exterior gateway protocols
Used by border and exterior routers
distributes data outside the AS system
Uses BGP

70
Q

What is the only routing protocol that communicates across the internet

A

BGP Border Gateway Protocol

71
Q

Describe RIP

A

Oldest router protocol
Broadcast every 30 seconds creates excessive noise
Convergence time is poor
Factors only the number of HOPS btw nodes 15 maximum
Does not consider congestion

72
Q

Describe RIPv2

A

Generates less broadcast traffic
function more securely then RIP
Can not exceed 15 HOPS

73
Q

Describe OSPF

A 
Open Shortest path First
No HOP limits
May change from shortest path to most efficient path
Used on Interior and Border Routers
Used for IPv4 only
74
Q

Describe IS-IS

A

Intermediate System to Intermediate System
Uses best path
Designated for interior routers
Used for IPv4 and IPv6

75
Q

Describe BGP

A 
Border Gateway Protocol
Protocol for the Internet
Path - Vector routing protocol that communicates via BGP specific messages that travel between routers over TCP sessions
Can span multiple AS 
Most complex protocol
76
Q

What is NSLOOKUP

A

Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally using a specified DNS server

77
Q

What is NETSTAT

A

Displays a list of all active TCP/IP connections on the local machine

78
Q

What is NETSTAT -n

A

List current connections including IP addresses and port numbers

79
Q

What is NETSTAT -f

A

List current connections including IP addresses and port numbers and FQDN’s

80
Q

What is NETSTAT - p TCP

A

List current connections including IP addresses and port numbers and FQDN for a specific protocol

81
Q

What is a NETSTAT -e

A

Displays statistics about messages sent over a network interface including errors and discards

82
Q

What is a NETSTAT - s

A

Displays statistics about each messages transmitted by a host, separated according to the protocol type. IP, TCP , UDP and ICMP.

83
Q

What is NETSTAT -r

A

Displays routing table information

84
Q

What is NETSTAT -o

A

Lists the processor identifier (PID) for each process using a connection and information about the connection.

85
Q

What is NETSTAT -b

A

List the name of each process using a connection and information about the connection. Requires an elevated command prompt.

86
Q

What is NETBIOS

A

A windows protocol used as an alternative to TCP/IP

87
Q

What is NBSTAT

A

A TCP/IP troubleshooting utility that provides information about the netbios names and their IP addresses

88
Q

What is tracert or traceroute

A

A windows utility that uses ICMP echo requests to trace the path from one node to another

89
Q
  1. UDP provides error checking, but not sequencing.​
    (A) True
    (B) False
A

False

90
Q

UDP provides error checking, but not sequencing.​
(A) True
(B) False

A

Answer : (B)

91
Q

IP is an unreliable, connectionless protocol.​
(A) True
(B) False

A

Answer : (A)

92
Q

IPv4 and IPv6 use the same packet format.​
(A) True
(B) False

A

False

93
Q

As a network support technician, you only need to know how to support IPv6.​
(A) True
(B) False

A

True

94
Q

On IPv4 networks, IGMP operates at the Network layer of the OSI model to manage multicasting.​
(A) True
(B) False

A

True

95
Q 
What is NOT one of the three characteristics of TCP in its role as a reliable delivery protocol?​
(A) ​Connection-oriented Protocol 
(B) ​Sequencing and checksums 
(C) ​Framing 
(D) ​Flow Control
A

Framing

96
Q 
​What field in an IPv4 packet informs routers the level of precedence they should apply when processing an incoming packet? 
(A) ​Differentiated Services (DiffServ) 
(B) ​Internet header length (IHL) 
(C) ​Time to Live (TTL) 
D) Padding
A

​Differentiated Services (DiffServ)

97
Q 
A modern ASN consists of how many bits? 
(A) ​16 
(B) ​32 
(C) ​64 
(D) ​128
A

(B) 32

98
Q 
​What netstat command option lists only current connections, including IP addresses and port numbers? 
(A) ​-s 
(B) ​-r 
(C) ​-n
 (D) ​-o
A

Answer : (C)

99
Q 
By default, the pathping command sends how many pings per hop?​
 (A) ​50
(B) ​100 
C) ​200 
D) ​500 Answer : (B)
A

Answer : (B)

100
Q 
​Which network routing protocol is a path vector protocol that sends updates between routers using TCP? 
(A) ​IS-IS 
(B) ​OSPF
 (C) ​RIP 
(D) ​BGP Answer : (D)
A

​Which network routing protocol is a path vector protocol that sends updates between routers using TCP? (A) ​IS-IS (B) ​OSPF (C) ​RIP (D) ​BGP Answer : (D)

101
Q 
What protocol replaces ARP, IGMP, and ICMPv4 on IPv6 based networks?
 (A) ​ARPng 
(B) ​BGPv6
 (C) ​IGMPv6
 (D) ​ICMPv6
A

Answer : (D)

102
Q 
​At what layer of the OSI model would a TCP or UDP header be added to a payload?
 (A) ​Layer 7 
(B) ​Layer 4 
(C) ​Layer 2 
(D) ​Layer 1
A

Answer : (B)

103
Q 
In a TCP segment, what field indicates how many bytes the sender can issue to a receiver while acknowledgement for the segment is outstanding?​
 (A) urgent pointer​ 
(B) ​sliding window
(C) ​sequence number 
(D) ​URG flag
A

Answer : (B)

104
Q

Which of the following is not a task handled by a router? (A) ​A router forwards broadcasts over the network.
(B) ​A router can reroute traffic if the path of first choice is down but a second path is available.
(C) ​A router can interpret Layer 3 and often Layer 4 addressing.
(D) ​A router can connect dissimilar networks.

A

Answer : (A)

105
Q 
The IP connectionless protocol relies on what other protocol to guarantee delivery of data? 
(A) ​UDP 
(B) ​ICMP 
(C) ​TCP 
(D) ​ARP Answer : (C)
A

Answer : (C)

106
Q 
​What command can be used on a Cisco router to view the routing table?
(A) ​route print 
(B) ​netstat -r 
C) ​route 
(D) ​show ip route Answer : (D)
A

Answer : (D)

107
Q 
What parameter can be combined with the traceroute command to instruct it to use ICMP echo requests instead of UDP datagrams?​ 
(A) ​-n 
(B) ​-p 
(C) ​-I
(D) ​-d Answer : (C)
A

Answer : (C)

108
Q 
What TCP field below allows the receiving node to determine whether a TCP segment is corrupted during transmission?​ 
(A) ​checksum
 (B) ​sliding window 
(C) ​acknowledgement number 
(D) ​TCP header length
A

Answer : (A)

109
Q

What happens when a router receives a packet with a TTL of 0?​
(A) ​The router attempts to forward the traffic on a local network
(B) ​The router drops the packet and sends an ICMP TTL expired message back to the host.
(C) ​The router resets the TTL to 128.
(D) ​The router marks the packet as corrupted and forwards it to the next hop.

A

Answer : (B)

110
Q 
In IPv6, what field is used to indicate what sequence of packets from one source to one or multiple destinations a packet belongs to?​ 
(A) ​traffic class 
(B) ​group ID 
(C) ​flow label 
D) ​traffic exchange
A

Answer : (C)

111
Q 
What IPv4 protocol handles multicasting for tasks such as videoconferencing or teleconferencing?​ 
(A) ​ICMP 
(B) ​ARP 
(C) ​TCP
(D) IGMP​
A

Answer : (D)

112
Q 
When viewing the routing table on a UNIX system, what flag indicates if a route is a usable route?​
 (A) ​I 
(B) ​H 
(C) ​G
(D) ​U
A

Answer : (D)

113
Q 
What routing protocol criteria is defined as the time it takes to recognize a best path change in the event of a network outage? 
(A) ​administrative distance detection 
(B) ​convergence time 
(C) ​overhead calculation 
(D) ​downed path detection
A

Answer : (B)

114
Q 
What type of routing protocol enables routers to communicate beyond neighboring routers, allowing each router to create a map of an entire network?​ 
(A) distance vector 
(B) ​link state 
(C) ​exterior gateway 
(D) map extension
A

Answer : (B)

115
Q

The receiving host de-encapsulates the message at each layer in _______ order and then presents the payload to the receiving application.

A

​Answer : reverse

116
Q

The TCP ___________________ is performed before TCP transmits the actual data.

A

​Answer : Three

way handshake

117
Q

​___’s lack of sophistication makes it more efficient than ​TCP.

A

Answer : UDP

118
Q

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a _______ layer core protocol that reports on the success or failure of data delivery.​

A

Answer : Network

119
Q

A _______ joins two or more networks and passes packets from one network to another.​

A

Answer : router

120
Q

Describe the difference between dynamic ARP table entries and static ARP table entries.​

A

An ARP table can contain two types of entries: dynamic and static. Dynamic ARP table entries are created when a client makes an ARP request that could not be satisfied by data already in the ARP table. Static ARP table entries are those that someone has entered manually using the ARP utility.

121
Q

Compare the three categories of routers.

A

The three categories of routers are as follows: • Interior routers direct data between networks within the same autonomous system. An autonomous system (AS) is a group of networks, often on the same domain, that are operated by the same organization. For example, Cengage, the company that published this book, might have several LANs that all fall under the cengage.com domain, with each LAN connected to the others by interior
routers.​ • Border routers (or gateway routers) connect an autonomous system with an outside network. For example, the router that connects a business with its ISP is a border router.
​
• Exterior routers direct data between autonomous systems. Routers that operate on the Internet backbone are considered exterior routers. An exterior router can also be a border or gateway router if it stands between an autonomous system and an outside network.

122
Q

What is the difference between static and dynamic routing?

A

Static routing is a technique in which a network administrator configures a routing table to direct messages along specific paths between networks. Static routes are appropriate in certain situations, such as the static route between a small business and its ISP. However, static routes used to traverse several networks don’t account for occasional network congestion, failed connections, or device moves, and they require human intervention. Dynamic routing, on the other hand, automatically calculates the best path between two networks and accumulates this information in the routing table. If congestion or failures affect the network, a router using dynamic routing can detect the problems and reroute messages through a different path. By default, when a router is added to a network, dynamic routing ensures that the new router’s routing tables are updated.

123
Q

List some examples of routing metrics that might be used to determine the best path for data.

A

Some examples of routing metrics used to determine the best path may include: Hop count (network segments crossed)
● Theoretical bandwidth and actual throughput on a potential path
● Delay, or latency, on a potential path, which results in slower performance
● Load, or the traffic or processing burden sustained by a router in the path
● MTU (maximum transmission unit), or the largest IP packet size in bytes allowable by routers in
● the path without fragmentation and excluding the frame size on the local network Routing cost, or a value assigned to a particular route as judged by the network administrator;
the● more desirable the path, the lower its cost Reliability of a potential path, based on historical performance
● The topology of a network

124
Q 
Which protocol’s header would a Layer 4 device read and process? 
A. IP 
B. TCP 
C. ARP 
D. HTTP
A

Answer: B. TCP

125
Q 
What number does a host use to identify the application involved in a transmission? 
A. IP address 
B. MAC address 
C. Port number 
D. Sequence number
A

Answer: C. Port number

126
Q 
What field in a TCP segment is used to determine if an arriving data unit exactly matches the 
data unit sent by the source? 
A. Source port 
B. Acknowledgment number 
C. Data 
D. Checksum
A

Answer: D. Checksum

127
Q 
At which OSI layer does IP operate? 
A. Application layer 
B. Transport layer 
C. Network layer 
D. Data Link layer
A

Answer: C. Network layer

128
Q 
Which OSI layer is responsible for directing data from one LAN to another? 
A. Transport layer 
B. Network layer 
C. Data Link layer 
D. Physical layer
A

Answer: B. Network layer

129
Q 
What kind of route is created when a network administrator configures a router to use a 
specific path between nodes? 
A. Trace route 
B. Static route 
C. Default route 
D. Best path
A

Answer: B. Static route

130
Q 
When a router can’t determine a path to a message’s destination, where does it send the 
message? 
A. Default gateway 
B. Default route 
C. Gateway of last resort 
D. Routing table
A

Answer: C. Gateway of last resort

131
Q 
A routing protocol’s reliability and priority are rated by what measurement? 
A. Routing table 
B. MTU 
C. Latency 
D. AD
A

Answer: D. AD

132
Q 
Which routing protocol does an exterior router use to collect data to build its routing tables?
A. RIPv2 
B. BGP 
C. OSPF 
D. IS-IS

10

A

Answer: B. BGP

133
Q

When messages to a remote Web server are being lost for no apparent reason and you suspect
the problem might be a path MTU black hole, which TCP/IP utility can you use to diagnose
the problem?
A. netstat
B. traceroute
C. nbtstat
D. ping

A

Answer: D. ping

134
Q

What three characteristics distinguish TCP from UDP?

A

Answer: TCP is connection-oriented, uses sequencing and checksums, and provides flow control.

135
Q

What process is used to establish a TCP connection?

A

Answer: Three-way handshake

136
Q

Which two protocols are essential to IPv4 networks, but whose functions are performed by
ICMPv6 on IPv6 networks?

A

Answer: IGMP, ARP

137
Q

What is the difference between dynamic ARP table entries and static ARP table entries?

A

Answer: Dynamic ARP table entries are created when a client makes an ARP request, whereas
static ARP table entries are entered manually using the ARP utility.

138
Q

What four functions do all routers perform?

A

Answer: 1. Connect dissimilar networks.
2. Interpret Layers 3 and 4 addressing and other
information.
3. Determine the best path for data to follow.
4. Reroute traffic if a primary path is
down but another path is available.

139
Q

What database does a router consult before determining the most efficient path for delivering
a message?

A

Answer: Its routing table

140
Q

Manually modifying a routing table can cause messages to get stuck hopping between a
limited number of routers. What is this problem called?

A

Answer: Routing loop

141
Q

Give three examples of routing metrics used by routers to determine the best of various
available routing paths.

A

Answer: (Any three) Hop count, theoretical bandwidth, actual throughput, path latency (or
delay), path load, MTU, cost, reliability

142
Q

List three interior gateway protocols (IGPs).

A

Answer: RIP/RIPv2, IS-IS, OSPF

143
Q

What kind of Web site allows you to remotely collect network routing information back to
your actual location?

A

Answer: Looking glass site

ag-network A+ (22 decks)

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