Chapter 3

Question 1

Cation

Answer 1

An atom or molecule with a net positive charge as it has lost electrons

Question 2

Anion

Answer 2

An atom or molecule with a net negative charge because it has gained electron(s)

Question 3

Electrolyte

Answer 3

When an ion is in a solution it is known as an electrolyte

Question 4

Role of calcium ion

Answer 4

Ca2+, nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction

Question 5

Role of sodium ions

Answer 5

Na+, nerve impulse transmission and kidney function

Question 6

Role of potassium ions

Answer 6

K+, nerve impulse transmission and stomatal opening

Question 7

Role of hydrogen ions

Answer 7

H+, catalysis of reactions and pH determination

Question 8

Role of ammonium ions

Answer 8

NH4+, production of nitrate ions by bacteria

Question 9

Role of nitrate ions

Answer 9

NO3-, nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation

Question 10

Role of hydrogen carbonate ions

Answer 10

HCO3-, maintenance of blood pH

Question 11

Role of chloride ions

Answer 11

Cl-, balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells

Question 12

Role of phosphate ions

Answer 12

PO43-, cell membrane formation, nucleic acid and ATP formation and bone formation

Question 13

Function of hydroxide ions

Answer 13

OH-, catalysis of reactions and pH determination