Chapter 3

Question 1

What is consciousness?

Answer 1

Awareness of your experiences, both of the world around you and your thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 2

What parts of the brain play a role in the sleep/wake cycle?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus, pineal gland, and suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 3

What brain waves are associated with the different stages of sleep?

Answer 3

• Beta waves (awake; 0)
• Theta waves (stage 1-2)
• Delta waves (3-4)
• REM (5)

Question 4

What is REM sleep?

Answer 4

Rapid eye movement; dreaming and paralysis

Question 5

What are the different theories of dreaming?

Answer 5

1. Psychoanalytic by Freud: dreams occur due to our unconscious minds; linked to real world issues
2. Activation-synthesis by John Hobson & Robert McCarley: brain’s attempts to make sense of random brain firing by combining activity with stored memories

Question 6

How many stages of sleep are there?

Answer 6

Four

Awake
N1
N2
N3

Question 7

What are the major sleep disorders?

Answer 7

1. Insomnia: inability to sleep (most common)
2. Sleep Apnea: stops breathing for short periods due to throat closing
3. Narcolepsy: sudden sleep attacks

Question 8

What is flow?

Answer 8

Intense engagement & focus; in the zone

Question 9

What types of drugs are stimulants?

Answer 9

Cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine

Question 10

What types of drugs are hallucinogens?

Answer 10

Marijuana, psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, peyote

Question 11

What is physical and psychological addiction/dependency?

Answer 11

Physical: anxiety, tension, and craving
Nausea, chills, body aches

Psychological: shopping, gambling, social media