Chapter 3 Flashcards
Study of matter
Chemistry
Part of the universe that has mass and volume
Matter
Smallest unit of an element that keeps the properties of the element
Atom
Pure substance made of only one type of atom
Element
Substance made of two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded
Compound
Type of compound in which bonds are covalent
Molecule
Four states of matter
Solids, liquids, gases, plasma
Definite volume
Solid
Definite shape
Solid
Atoms are packed together in fixed positions
Solid
Only vibrate in place
Solid
Definite volume
Liquid
Indefinite shape
Liquid
Atoms are close together
Liquids
Atoms can overcome attractive forces to flow
Liquids
Indefinite volume
Gas
Indefinite shape
Gas
Atoms move very quickly
Gas
Atoms are far apart
Gases
Pretty weak attractive forces
Gases
Compressible
Gases
Hight temperature state in which atoms lose their electrons
Plasma
Depend on the amount of matter
Extensive
Do not depend on the amount
Intensive
Change in substance that doesn’t change the identity of the substance (grinding, cutting, melting)
Physical
Involves a reaction to take place, a new substance to form
Chemical change
Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions
Elements
Chemical combinations of elements
Compounds
Made of elements
Compounds
Can be broken down into elements
Compounds
Why are the groups lanthanides and actinide on the bottom?
The keep the width of the chart smaller
At room temp are solid, expect mercury
Metals
Can be rolled or hammered into sheets
Malleable
Can be made into wire
Ductile
Can resist breakage when pulled
High tensile strength
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Nonmetals
Good conductor of electricity
Metals
Many are gases at room temp
Nonmetals
Some are solids
Nonmetals
Element that has some characteristics of metals and Nonmetals
Metalloids
Appear along staircase line
Metalloids
Generally unreactive gases
Noble gases
Uniform throughout, appears to be one thing
Homogeneous
Pure substance - compound
Homogeneous
Non uniform, contains regions with different properties than other regions
Heterogeneous
Pure substances
Homogeneous compounds
Separate into components based on chemical properties
Pure substance
Every pure substance has the same
Characteristics, compositions, made of one type of atom
One type of atom
Element
2 or more types of atoms
Compounds
T or F all chemicals have some level of impurity
True
T or F not all chemicals in the lab are treated as pure
False
Mixtures are Separated into components based on
Physical property
All mixtures are made of
Pure substances
Each component keeps it own identity and properties
Mixtures
Can be separated using physical means
Mixtures
Also called solutions
Homogeneous mixtures
Water in solution
Aquious
Mixture of metals
Alloys
No visible parts
Homo mixtures
T or F a solution is a homo mixture
True
Not uniform in composition, visible parts
Heterogeneous mixtures
Physical separation techniques (5)
Filtration vaporization decanting centrifuge paper chromatography
Two different elements not chemically combined
Mixture
Two different elements chemically combined
Compound
Describe one method to separate a heterogeneous mixture
Filtration
Describe one method to separate a homogeneous mixture
Distillation
If trying to identify an unknown solid, what should help u out to figure out what it is?
Density
Cutting hair
Physical
Growing grass
Chemical
Malleable
Metal
Poor conductor of heat
Nonmetals
Brittle
Nonmetals
Ductile
Metal
Good conductor of electricity
Metals
Brittle and good conductor of electricity
Metalloids
Good conductor of heat
Metals
