Chapter 3

Question 1

what is spaghetti code

Answer 1

messy programs that are difficult to read

Question 2

structure

Answer 2

basic unit of programming logic

Question 3

what are the three types of structures

Answer 3

1. sequence
2. selection (decision)
3. loop

Question 4

sequence structure

Answer 4

performs tasks in order

Question 5

selection structure (decision structure)

Answer 5

1. takes one of two actions based on testing condition. (AKA evaluating a Boolean expression)
2. also called if-then-else
3. dual-alternative ifs or single-alternative ifs

Question 6

loop structure

Answer 6

repeat actions while a condition stays true

Question 7

dual-alternative ifs

Answer 7

1. contains 2 alternatives
2. if-then-else structure

Question 8

single-alternative ifs

Answer 8

if-then structure

Question 9

null case

Answer 9

situation where nothing is done

Question 10

loop structure (repetition/iteration)

Answer 10

1. repeats a set of actions while a condition stays true (loop body)
2. “while…do” or “while loop”

Question 11

stacking structures

Answer 11

attaching structures end to end

Question 12

end-structure statement

Answer 12

indicates end of a structure

Question 13

what statement ends an if-then-else structure

Answer 13

endif

Question 14

what statements ends a loop structure

Answer 14

endwhile

Question 15

nesting structure

Answer 15

1. placing one structure within another

Question 16

What characteristics are in structures programs

Answer 16

• includes combination of three basic structures
• single entry point and single exit point

Question 17

priming input ( priming read)

Answer 17

reads first input data record

is outside the loop that reads rest of the records

helps keep program structured