Chapter 3

Question 1

Social Redefinition

Answer 1

The process through which an individual’s position or status is redefined by society
- separation from parents
- emphasis on differences between boys and girls
- passing on information from one generation to the next
- Taking on adult roles, behaviors, and responsibilities
The timetable is affected by context: Economics, politics, culture, peers/family/neighborhood

Question 2

Age of majority

Answer 2

The designated at which an individual is recognized as an adult

Question 3

Statutory rape

Answer 3

Sex between two individuals, even when it is consensual when at least one of the persons is below the legal age of consent; in the United States, the specific age of consent varies from state to state

Question 4

inventionists

Answer 4

Theorists who argue that the period of adolescence is mainly a social invention

Question 5

Child protectionists

Answer 5

individuals who argued, early in the twentieth century, that adolescents needed to be kept out of the labor force in order to protect them from the hazards of the workplace

Question 6

teenager

Answer 6

a term popularized about 50 years ago to refer to young people, it connoted a more frivolous and lighthearted image than did “adolescent”

Question 7

Youth

Answer 7

A term used to refer to individuals 18-22, it once referred to individuals 12-24

Question 8

initiation ceremony

Answer 8

The formal induction of a young person into adulthood

Question 9

Status Offense

Answer 9

A violation of the law that pertains to minors but not adults

Question 10

Juvenile Justice System

Answer 10

A separate system of courts and related institutions developed to handle juvenile crime and delinquency

Question 11

Criminal Justice System

Answer 11

The system of courts and related institutions developed to handle adult crime

Question 12

Cohort

Answer 12

A group of individuals born during the same general historical era

Question 13

Quincenera

Answer 13

An elaborate sort of “coming out” celebration for adolescent girls that is practiced in many Latino communities

Question 14

Bar (Bas) Mitzvah

Answer 14

in Judaism, the religious ceremony for making the young person’s transition to adulthood

Question 15

Scarification

Answer 15

The intentional creation of scars on some part or parts of the body, often done as art of an initiation ceremony

Question 16

circumcision

Answer 16

a procedure in which some part of the genitals is cut and permanently altered

Question 17

Female genital mutilation

Answer 17

The cutting or removal of the clitoris, performed in some culture as part of the initiation of female adolescents

Question 18

Baby Boom

Answer 18

The period following World War 2, during which the number of infants born was extremely large

Question 19

Continuous tranisitions

Answer 19

Passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into gradually

Question 20

Discontinuous transitions

Answer 20

Passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into abruptly

Question 21

Collective efficacy

Answer 21

a community’s social capital, derived from its members’ common values and goals

Question 22

Neighborhood conditions

Answer 22

effect community norms and collective efficacy, interpersonal relationships, and economic and institutional resources, which all impact adolescent development

Question 23

Variations in Social Transition

Answer 23

• Clarity vs. Ambiguity (like when you become an adult)
• Continuity (gradual process) vs. discontinuity (thrown into adult things)
• length of the transition (it depends on the country)

Question 24

Transition to adulthood in contemporary America

Answer 24

decline in importance of family roles - marriage and parenthood -
Highly similar for males and females
Longer than in previous generations
less clarity, increasingly discontinuous
multiply determined

Question 25

low - income poverty

Answer 25

risky behaviors but could be community that prevents this

Question 26

Really affluent people

Answer 26

partake in risky behaviors like alcoholism