Chapter 3 Flashcards
Social Redefinition
The process through which an individual’s position or status is redefined by society
- separation from parents
- emphasis on differences between boys and girls
- passing on information from one generation to the next
- Taking on adult roles, behaviors, and responsibilities
The timetable is affected by context: Economics, politics, culture, peers/family/neighborhood
Age of majority
The designated at which an individual is recognized as an adult
Statutory rape
Sex between two individuals, even when it is consensual when at least one of the persons is below the legal age of consent; in the United States, the specific age of consent varies from state to state
inventionists
Theorists who argue that the period of adolescence is mainly a social invention
Child protectionists
individuals who argued, early in the twentieth century, that adolescents needed to be kept out of the labor force in order to protect them from the hazards of the workplace
teenager
a term popularized about 50 years ago to refer to young people, it connoted a more frivolous and lighthearted image than did “adolescent”
Youth
A term used to refer to individuals 18-22, it once referred to individuals 12-24
initiation ceremony
The formal induction of a young person into adulthood
Status Offense
A violation of the law that pertains to minors but not adults
Juvenile Justice System
A separate system of courts and related institutions developed to handle juvenile crime and delinquency
Criminal Justice System
The system of courts and related institutions developed to handle adult crime
Cohort
A group of individuals born during the same general historical era
Quincenera
An elaborate sort of “coming out” celebration for adolescent girls that is practiced in many Latino communities
Bar (Bas) Mitzvah
in Judaism, the religious ceremony for making the young person’s transition to adulthood
Scarification
The intentional creation of scars on some part or parts of the body, often done as art of an initiation ceremony
circumcision
a procedure in which some part of the genitals is cut and permanently altered
Female genital mutilation
The cutting or removal of the clitoris, performed in some culture as part of the initiation of female adolescents
Baby Boom
The period following World War 2, during which the number of infants born was extremely large
Continuous tranisitions
Passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into gradually
Discontinuous transitions
Passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into abruptly
Collective efficacy
a community’s social capital, derived from its members’ common values and goals
Neighborhood conditions
effect community norms and collective efficacy, interpersonal relationships, and economic and institutional resources, which all impact adolescent development
Variations in Social Transition
- Clarity vs. Ambiguity (like when you become an adult)
- Continuity (gradual process) vs. discontinuity (thrown into adult things)
- length of the transition (it depends on the country)
Transition to adulthood in contemporary America
decline in importance of family roles - marriage and parenthood -
Highly similar for males and females
Longer than in previous generations
less clarity, increasingly discontinuous
multiply determined
low - income poverty
risky behaviors but could be community that prevents this
Really affluent people
partake in risky behaviors like alcoholism
