Chapter 1 Flashcards
Puberty
A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that take place primarily in adolescence
Puberty variations
Regions of the World, Heredity, Socioeconomic class, Ethnic group, Historical era, Environment
Endocrine System
a feedback loop develops involving the: Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, gonads
Hypothalamus
part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, and where there is a concentration of GnRH neurons. It inhibits the pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
When signaled by the hypothalamus, it signals the gonads to release more sex hormones
Gonads
When signaled by the hypothalamus, it releases sex hormones. (testes in males, ovaries in females)
Sex hormones
androgens - mostly males and estrogens - mostly females
Adrenarche
when your body gets ready for puberty by your adrenal glands getting more mature
Three Chief Physical Manifestations of Puberty
- Growth Spurt
- Further development of the sex glands
- Development of secondary sex characteristics
Development of secondary sex characteristics
- pubic hair
- changes in appearance of sex organs
- Breast development
- Changes in body composition
- Changes in circulation and respiration
Earlier Puberty
- Hereditary
- Diet
- Emotional stress
Physical developments affect
- teen behavior
- how teens feel about themselves
- how teens are treated by others
Psychological and social impact of Puberty
Self-esteem, mood, relationships with parents, sleep patterns, growing sense of uniqueness and independence, connection with peers
Social context that impacts teens
- gender identity
- ethnic group
Moodiness
linked to activities, adolescents are more vulnerable to stress, o
Association between hormones and mood
Strongest at puberty onset when hormone levels are fluctuating rapidly, but its very weak
Developmental differences
Moodiness may be more characteristic in adolescence than adulthood but it is no more characteristic of adolescence than childhood
Sleep Changes
Related to biological changes of puberty and the environment, and delayed phase preference
Delayed phase preference
a patten of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty, driven by the biological changes of puberty and is seen in other mammals, the time that maleatonin starts to rise gets later and later
Health benefits of later school start times
- it eradicates negative effects on physical, mental, and emotional health for your who don’t get enough sleep
Parental relationships
Disrupts patterns with family members because teens want more influence in family decision-making, There is more intensity of conflict among teen and parents, leads to egalitarian family relationship
Reaction to pubertal changes
mostly positive especially with secondary sex characteristics
Reactions to menarche
varied but less negative than in the past
Cross-sectional study
groups compared at different stages of puberty
Longitudinal study
same adolescents tracked over time
age vs. rate
there is no relationship between the age and rate of puberty
Secular Trend
the tendency for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, and is more dramatic in females
Secular trend reasons
because of better sanitation, health, nutrition, and infectious diseases
Basal Metabolism rate
the minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state, this drop about 15% during puberty
Body Mass Index
a way to measure an individual’s body fat, the ratio of weight to height
Disordered eating
is a mild, moderate, or severe disturbance in eating habits and attitudes
Anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder found mostly in young women and is characterized by dramatic and severe weight loss
Bulimia
An eating disorder found mostly in young women, characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight
Binge Eating disorder
An eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight
Variation in timing and tempo of puberty
Group differences, Individual differences, and genetic influences
Variations for group puberty
Industrialized vs. developing nations, Socioeconomic status, and historical era
Variations because of genetic influences
Predisposition to mature at a particular time/ rate
Variations because of individual differences
nutrition and health, social/environmental influences, sex
2 years
on average, female growth spurt is __ __ before male growth spurt
pheromones
exposure to ____ from unrelated males can accelerate female pubertal development
Maturational Deviance
feeling different associated with increased psychological distress
Developmental readiness
later maturing teens have more time to prepare psychologically for pubertal changes
Perception
more influential than actual
