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Adolescent Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Puberty

A

A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that take place primarily in adolescence

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2
Q

Puberty variations

A

Regions of the World, Heredity, Socioeconomic class, Ethnic group, Historical era, Environment

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3
Q

Endocrine System

A

a feedback loop develops involving the: Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, gonads

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4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, and where there is a concentration of GnRH neurons. It inhibits the pituitary gland

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5
Q

Pituitary gland

A

When signaled by the hypothalamus, it signals the gonads to release more sex hormones

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6
Q

Gonads

A

When signaled by the hypothalamus, it releases sex hormones. (testes in males, ovaries in females)

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7
Q

Sex hormones

A

androgens - mostly males and estrogens - mostly females

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8
Q

Adrenarche

A

when your body gets ready for puberty by your adrenal glands getting more mature

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9
Q

Three Chief Physical Manifestations of Puberty

A
  1. Growth Spurt
  2. Further development of the sex glands
  3. Development of secondary sex characteristics
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10
Q

Development of secondary sex characteristics

A
  • pubic hair
  • changes in appearance of sex organs
  • Breast development
  • Changes in body composition
  • Changes in circulation and respiration
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11
Q

Earlier Puberty

A
  • Hereditary
  • Diet
  • Emotional stress
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12
Q

Physical developments affect

A
  • teen behavior
  • how teens feel about themselves
  • how teens are treated by others
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13
Q

Psychological and social impact of Puberty

A

Self-esteem, mood, relationships with parents, sleep patterns, growing sense of uniqueness and independence, connection with peers

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14
Q

Social context that impacts teens

A
  • gender identity
  • ethnic group
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15
Q

Moodiness

A

linked to activities, adolescents are more vulnerable to stress, o

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16
Q

Association between hormones and mood

A

Strongest at puberty onset when hormone levels are fluctuating rapidly, but its very weak

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17
Q

Developmental differences

A

Moodiness may be more characteristic in adolescence than adulthood but it is no more characteristic of adolescence than childhood

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18
Q

Sleep Changes

A

Related to biological changes of puberty and the environment, and delayed phase preference

19
Q

Delayed phase preference

A

a patten of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty, driven by the biological changes of puberty and is seen in other mammals, the time that maleatonin starts to rise gets later and later

20
Q

Health benefits of later school start times

A
  • it eradicates negative effects on physical, mental, and emotional health for your who don’t get enough sleep
21
Q

Parental relationships

A

Disrupts patterns with family members because teens want more influence in family decision-making, There is more intensity of conflict among teen and parents, leads to egalitarian family relationship

22
Q

Reaction to pubertal changes

A

mostly positive especially with secondary sex characteristics

23
Q

Reactions to menarche

A

varied but less negative than in the past

24
Q

Cross-sectional study

A

groups compared at different stages of puberty

25
Q

Longitudinal study

A

same adolescents tracked over time

26
Q

age vs. rate

A

there is no relationship between the age and rate of puberty

27
Q

Secular Trend

A

the tendency for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, and is more dramatic in females

28
Q

Secular trend reasons

A

because of better sanitation, health, nutrition, and infectious diseases

29
Q

Basal Metabolism rate

A

the minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state, this drop about 15% during puberty

30
Q

Body Mass Index

A

a way to measure an individual’s body fat, the ratio of weight to height

31
Q

Disordered eating

A

is a mild, moderate, or severe disturbance in eating habits and attitudes

32
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder found mostly in young women and is characterized by dramatic and severe weight loss

33
Q

Bulimia

A

An eating disorder found mostly in young women, characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight

34
Q

Binge Eating disorder

A

An eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight

35
Q

Variation in timing and tempo of puberty

A

Group differences, Individual differences, and genetic influences

36
Q

Variations for group puberty

A

Industrialized vs. developing nations, Socioeconomic status, and historical era

37
Q

Variations because of genetic influences

A

Predisposition to mature at a particular time/ rate

38
Q

Variations because of individual differences

A

nutrition and health, social/environmental influences, sex

39
Q

2 years

A

on average, female growth spurt is __ __ before male growth spurt

40
Q

pheromones

A

exposure to ____ from unrelated males can accelerate female pubertal development

41
Q

Maturational Deviance

A

feeling different associated with increased psychological distress

42
Q

Developmental readiness

A

later maturing teens have more time to prepare psychologically for pubertal changes

43
Q

Perception

A

more influential than actual

Adolescent Psychology (3 decks)

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