CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
What was détente?
Détente was a period of peace between the USA and the USSR
Why did the USA and the Soviet Union follow Détente
Apart from cooling tensions, during 1968 Nixon was elected and he was determined to get USA out of the Vietnam war where 60,000 US soldiers were killed
The USSR was facing economic problems and wanted to cut spending on weapons to improve living standards.
Explain the agreements reached in SALT1
The anti-ballistic missile treaty
The interim treaty
The basic principles agreement
all in 1972
What was the anti-ballistic missile treaty in Salt 1?
The treaty stated that ABMs were allowed at only two sites each site should have a maximum of 100 missiles
What was the The interim treaty in Salt 1?
This treaty placed restrictions on the number of ICBM missiles and SLBMS each country could have. The USA were allowed 1,054 ICBM and 740 SLMBs. The Soviet Union could have 1,618 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs
What agreements were made at Helsinki?
European borders:
Borders are unchangeable and can’t be altered by force
International co-operation:
Work was to be done to improve relations between countries. e.g trade agreements and joint space missions
Human Rights:
Human rights will be respected and individual freedoms such as free speech and religion
1975
Explain the agreements reached in SALT2
Brezhnev signed a highly complex agreement. Which included restrictions on missile launchers and strategic bombers, as well as a ban on testing for ICBM missiles
What is the significance of Ronald Reagan?
Reagan was very Anti-communist and made all his campaigns about destroying communism. This created tension, when elected in 1981
What was Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking’?
Gorbachev spent huge sums of money developing arms for the arms race, this force the economy to decline, during the mis 1980s industrial growth was limited
‘perestroika’ meant that the soviet economy would have capitalist practices in 1985
‘Glasnost’ meant that there should be more openness and les corruption in the government and premote freedom of speech
What was the significance of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and what happened?
In 1978 Amin took control ,and installed a pro-Soviet government , however other pro-Muslim governments tried to get rid of Amin. Their were rumors of Amin talking to the US government. in 1979 the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and Amin was assassinated and replaced with pro-soviet Babrak Kamal
What was the Carter Doctrine?
In 1980 the Carter doctrine was created and stated any threat to American interests in the Gulf would be repelled by force.
What was the significance of the Olympic Boycotts?
In 1980 the USA led a boycott of the Olympic games over 60 nations supported this. Moreover, this angered the USSR and increased tensions
Explain what is meant by the ‘Second Cold War’ under Ronald Reagan
when Reagans term started in 1981, he promised he would stand tough against communism. He increased spending on arms and a more confrontational approach to the Soviet Union
What was the significance of the ‘Strategic Defence Initiative and what was it?
In 1983 The SDI was announced. It was a series of satellites in orbit which would protect the USA from missiles with lasers. This created a huge gap in Soviet and American technology levels
What impact did Gorbachev’s new thinking have in Eastern Europe?
Eastern Europe no longer had to be governed by the USSR. It created freedom , more openness in the satellite states and people wanted to move there.
