CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
What was the Grand Alliance?
It was a group of presidents formed between the USA, the Soviet Union and Britain. the main reason behind it was to defeat Germany in WW2
What were the agreements made at Tehran conference?
The USA and Britain would open a second front by launching an attack on Germany in western Europe, easing pressure on the eastern front where the Soviets were facing heavy losses. The Germans would then have to withdraw troops from the soviet union to fight in the west
Stalin would declare war against Japan and supply soviet troops to help the USA with the was against Japan. once the war in Europe was over
what problems were there at the Tehran conference?
There was some tension between the USA and Britain because he wanted to open a second front in the Balkans and Roosevelt sided with Stalin. As Roosevelt seemed to view British colonialism as more of a threat to world peace than the Soviet Union.
What were the agreements made at Yalta? 1945 feb
After the war Germany would be Split up into 4 zones. they would each be controlled by a different power. Along with Germany having to pay $20 billion in reparations. And the Nazi party was greatly weakened.
The United Nations would be set up on 1945 which brought countries closer together. All nations could join but the USA and France didn’t agree with Stalin’s suggestion that all 16 soviet republics should be given individual membership. Only Russia, Belarus and Ukraine were admitted
What problems were there at the Yalta conference? 1945 Feb
There was tension between The Soviet Union and Britain as the Poland borders would be returned to their position in 1921, giving the Soviet Union significant gains, and Poland would have free elections. However wanted the elections to make a pro-soviet government whereas the UK supported the non-communist London poles
What were the agreements made at Potsdam? 1945 July
Germany would be divided into 4 zones administered by the Soviet Union, the USA, Britain and France. But the German economy would be run as a whole
Berlin would be divided into 4 zones even though it was in The soviet territory
what problems were there at the Potsdam conference? 1945 july
there were tensions between the USA and The Soviet Union as the USSR wanted Germany to pay heavy reparations, but Truman was concerned that this would make it harder for the German economy to recover. Instead each country should take reparations from their own zone, as the USSR controlled the poorest zone they took a quarter of the industrial equipment from other zones.
What were the ideological differences between the superpowers?
The Soviet union were Communist. Britain and the USA were Capitalist
What impact did the atomic bomb have on US-Soviet relations?
The bomb dramatically increased Cold War tensions and made Both the USSR and USA to be reluctant in going into war. Instead the Bomb resulted in the arms race and made Stalin more determined to make the USSR more secure
What impact did the use of the atomic bomb have on US-Soviet relations?
On august 1945 the USA exploded an atomic bomb over Hiroshima. The bomb dramatically increased Cold War tensions and made Stalin more determined to make the USSR more secure
Explain the Novikov Telegram
The Novikov Telegram said that the USA wanted to rule the world with their massive military power. After Roosevelts death the Americans didn’t want to cooperate and would support their government in war. This increased tensions drastically
Explain the Long Telegram
It contained a message that worried the American government. He reported that Stalin wanted to see the destruction of Capitalism and he felt that the world outside of the USSR hated communism. The long telegram also believed that the Soviet Union wasn’t suicidal if faced with resistance they would back down. This resulted in the Containment policy
How did the Long and Novikov telegrams affect US-Soviet relations?
In 1946 both the USA and the USSR asked their embassies to report to them what the country is like
The USA treated the Long telegram with action and resulted in the Containment policy, damaging both superpower relations a lot.
The Novikov telegram also damaged the relationship from the soviet as the USA wanted to use their army to dominate the world
Explain the Iron curtain speech
in 1946 Churchill delivered a speech in the USA. The speech talked about world peace. Stalin thought this speech reflected American beliefs as Churchill would have checked over it with Truman. Both the speech and the telegram led to a campaign of anti-western propaganda .
Explain the creation of Satellite States.
In 1944-45 the USSR freed many countries from Germany’s control. Stalin kept these countries under Soviet control to keep a buffer zone between east and western Europe. Truman saw this as evidence of Communism spreading
How did the creation of the Soviet Satellite States affect Cold War relations?
In 1944-45 Truman saw this as evidence that the Soviet Union wanted to spread communism worldwide and relations between the USA and the Soviet Union became worse.
Describe the Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was created in 1947 it was a collection of Trumans idea’s. Truman believed choosing democracy over communism was like choosing good over evil, Truman further attacked communism with his words. it also created a greater divide in countries as Truman stated he would help Turkey and Greece as The UK wasn’t able to.
The Truman doctrine was created to gain influence and stop communism as communism was looking attractive to war-torn European countries.
Describe the Marshall aid
The Marshall plan was a practical outcome of the Truman Doctrine: providing economic aid to help war-torn countries in order to stop communism from spreading he donated $13 billion to Capitalist countries
Explain the term dollar imperialism
Stalin believed the Truman doctrine was trying
to extend American Influence over Europe. Stalin also argued that the Marshall plan was a way of using economic might to divide Europe. this was known as dollar imperialism
What was the Cominform & Comecon
The Cominform was a political organization set up on Stalin’s orders on 1947. it had 9 members e.g Poland and Hungary. this gave Stalin a way of controlling the satellite states
The Comecon was created to provide financial aid and control to countries in the satellite states in 1949 as a response to the Marshall plan
What happened during the Berlin Crisis of 1948?
Uniting The Western Zones
Creation of The Deutschmark
The Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Airlift
Explain what happened during the western zones uniting during the Berlin crisis
The Soviets were no longer co-operating, so the remaining allies joined their zones in 1948 to create Trizonia
then in June 1948 the three Allies created the currency called the deutschmark, to give Trizonia economic unity
What was the Berlin Blockade?
In June 1948 Stalin decided to shut off the land routes across Soviet-controlled Germany into Berlin. This was called the Berlin blockade
What was the Berlin Airlift?
The western Allies launched the Berlin Airlift in 1948-49 where an aircraft full of supplies was flown into Berlin. The Americans were soon able to fly over 1000 tons if supplies every day
Explain the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic
in 1949 Just 3 days after the end of the blockade, the USA, Britain and France permitted their zones to come together as a state known as the Federal Republic of Germany, Which had many capitalist Beliefs
Stalin responded by creating the German democratic republic in October 1949. which had communist beliefs
What happened during the arms race?
In response to the USA’s atomic bomb the Soviet Union created the atomic bomb in 1949. As a result the USA created the Hydrogen bomb which was 1000x more powerful. In 1951 the USSR also had the Hydrogen bomb. One year later the USA created the ICBM missiles.
What happened during the Hungarian Uprising? First events
During 1956 the people of Hungary began protesting about their lack of political freedom and shortages in fuel supplies . In October the riots came to the capital where police and the rioters clashed with each other. Later soviet troops restored order.
Khrushchev decided to replace prime minister Rakosi with the former prime minister Imre Nagy who promised personal freedoms
within days Nagy set a proposed reforms. He re-organized the Hungarian government to include communist members
How did the USSR respond to the Hungarian Uprising? Second events
On 1956 Nagy announced Hungary was leaving the Warsaw pact. Khrushchev didn’t allow this. As is Hungary broke away many other countries would do so.
Khrushchev therefore ordered 1,000 tanks to invade Budapest. This resulted in 20,000 people dead. The USSR took control and installed a pro-Soviet government. Many satellite states believed Khrushchev would be more lenient on the uprising but they miscalculated. In 1958 the Hungarian government announced the death of Imre Nagy.
What was the international reaction to the Soviet invasion of Hungary?
Imre Nagy and his supporters expected help from the USA and other western nations as the USA funded western Europe counties Nagy thought that the US would do the same.
Although Eisenhower was sympathetic and some NATO nations took in Hungarian refugees. The USA wasn’t ready to interfere with Soviet interest.
What was the Impact of the Hungarian Uprising to International relations
The Hungarian Uprising made Khrushchev’s position much more secure and gave him a stronger position in the Warsaw pact. Khrushchev also gained confidence when talking with the USA as he knew they were unlikely to take military action
What is NATO and how did it impact US-Soviet relations?
In 1949 the USA and 9 other countries joined NATO. Where it was said if any member was attack every country in NATO would help
NATO increased tensions significantly and resulted in the creation of the Warsaw pact in 1955
when were all the conferences
1945
When was the Long and Novikov telegram
1946
When did communists seize power in Czechoslovakia
1948
when was the communist government elected in Poland
1947
when was the communist government elected in Hungary
1949
When was the iron curtain speech
1946
when was the atomic bomb dropped on Japan
1945
How many people did the atomic bomb kill
120,000
When did the Soviet army free Eastern Europe from the Nazi’s
1944-1945
When was the Comecon
1949
When was the Truman doctrine announced
1947
When was the Marshall aid announced
1947
When was the communist takeover of Czechoslovakia
1948
When was the Berlin Blockade
1948
When was the first Cominform meeting
1947
When was Nato formed
1949
When was the German democratic republic created
1949
When was the Federal republic of Germany created
1949
When was the warsaw pact created
1955
When was the testing of the Hydrogen bomb by the USA
1952
When was the testing of the Hydrogen Bomb by the USSR
1953
When did German Democratic republic Join NATO (west Germany)
1955
When did Khrushchev become the leader of the USSR
1956
When was the Hungarian Uprising crushed
1956
When Imre Nagy executed
1958
What donations were made in the Truman doctrine
on march 1947 Truman announced an economic aid to
$400 million donated to Greece and Turkey
Describe the event of the Atomic bomb in Japan
On august 6 1945 the USA exploded an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, on August 9 another bomb was released. the blast was equivalent to over 12,000 tons of TNT and killed 120,000 Japanese civilians
Describe the events of the arms race
After the release of the atomic bomb soviet scientists created and successfully tested an Atomic bomb in August 26 1949, just four years after the USA. By 1964 Britain, France, China also had the atomic bomb.
