CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
What was the Grand Alliance?
It was a group of presidents formed between the USA, the Soviet Union and Britain. the main reason behind it was to defeat Germany in WW2
What were the agreements made at Tehran conference?
The USA and Britain would open a second front by launching an attack on Germany in western Europe, easing pressure on the eastern front where the Soviets were facing heavy losses. The Germans would then have to withdraw troops from the soviet union to fight in the west
Stalin would declare war against Japan and supply soviet troops to help the USA with the was against Japan. once the war in Europe was over
what problems were there at the Tehran conference?
There was some tension between the USA and Britain because he wanted to open a second front in the Balkans and Roosevelt sided with Stalin. As Roosevelt seemed to view British colonialism as more of a threat to world peace than the Soviet Union.
What were the agreements made at Yalta? 1945 feb
After the war Germany would be Split up into 4 zones. they would each be controlled by a different power. Along with Germany having to pay $20 billion in reparations. And the Nazi party was greatly weakened.
The United Nations would be set up on 1945 which brought countries closer together. All nations could join but the USA and France didn’t agree with Stalin’s suggestion that all 16 soviet republics should be given individual membership. Only Russia, Belarus and Ukraine were admitted
What problems were there at the Yalta conference? 1945 Feb
There was tension between The Soviet Union and Britain as the Poland borders would be returned to their position in 1921, giving the Soviet Union significant gains, and Poland would have free elections. However wanted the elections to make a pro-soviet government whereas the UK supported the non-communist London poles
What were the agreements made at Potsdam? 1945 July
Germany would be divided into 4 zones administered by the Soviet Union, the USA, Britain and France. But the German economy would be run as a whole
Berlin would be divided into 4 zones even though it was in The soviet territory
what problems were there at the Potsdam conference? 1945 july
there were tensions between the USA and The Soviet Union as the USSR wanted Germany to pay heavy reparations, but Truman was concerned that this would make it harder for the German economy to recover. Instead each country should take reparations from their own zone, as the USSR controlled the poorest zone they took a quarter of the industrial equipment from other zones.
What were the ideological differences between the superpowers?
The Soviet union were Communist. Britain and the USA were Capitalist
What impact did the atomic bomb have on US-Soviet relations?
The bomb dramatically increased Cold War tensions and made Both the USSR and USA to be reluctant in going into war. Instead the Bomb resulted in the arms race and made Stalin more determined to make the USSR more secure
What impact did the use of the atomic bomb have on US-Soviet relations?
On august 1945 the USA exploded an atomic bomb over Hiroshima. The bomb dramatically increased Cold War tensions and made Stalin more determined to make the USSR more secure
Explain the Novikov Telegram
The Novikov Telegram said that the USA wanted to rule the world with their massive military power. After Roosevelts death the Americans didn’t want to cooperate and would support their government in war. This increased tensions drastically
Explain the Long Telegram
It contained a message that worried the American government. He reported that Stalin wanted to see the destruction of Capitalism and he felt that the world outside of the USSR hated communism. The long telegram also believed that the Soviet Union wasn’t suicidal if faced with resistance they would back down. This resulted in the Containment policy
How did the Long and Novikov telegrams affect US-Soviet relations?
In 1946 both the USA and the USSR asked their embassies to report to them what the country is like
The USA treated the Long telegram with action and resulted in the Containment policy, damaging both superpower relations a lot.
The Novikov telegram also damaged the relationship from the soviet as the USA wanted to use their army to dominate the world
Explain the Iron curtain speech
in 1946 Churchill delivered a speech in the USA. The speech talked about world peace. Stalin thought this speech reflected American beliefs as Churchill would have checked over it with Truman. Both the speech and the telegram led to a campaign of anti-western propaganda .
Explain the creation of Satellite States.
In 1944-45 the USSR freed many countries from Germany’s control. Stalin kept these countries under Soviet control to keep a buffer zone between east and western Europe. Truman saw this as evidence of Communism spreading
How did the creation of the Soviet Satellite States affect Cold War relations?
In 1944-45 Truman saw this as evidence that the Soviet Union wanted to spread communism worldwide and relations between the USA and the Soviet Union became worse.
Describe the Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was created in 1947 it was a collection of Trumans idea’s. Truman believed choosing democracy over communism was like choosing good over evil, Truman further attacked communism with his words. it also created a greater divide in countries as Truman stated he would help Turkey and Greece as The UK wasn’t able to.
The Truman doctrine was created to gain influence and stop communism as communism was looking attractive to war-torn European countries.
Describe the Marshall aid
The Marshall plan was a practical outcome of the Truman Doctrine: providing economic aid to help war-torn countries in order to stop communism from spreading he donated $13 billion to Capitalist countries
Explain the term dollar imperialism
Stalin believed the Truman doctrine was trying
to extend American Influence over Europe. Stalin also argued that the Marshall plan was a way of using economic might to divide Europe. this was known as dollar imperialism
What was the Cominform & Comecon
The Cominform was a political organization set up on Stalin’s orders on 1947. it had 9 members e.g Poland and Hungary. this gave Stalin a way of controlling the satellite states
The Comecon was created to provide financial aid and control to countries in the satellite states in 1949 as a response to the Marshall plan
What happened during the Berlin Crisis of 1948?
Uniting The Western Zones
Creation of The Deutschmark
The Berlin Blockade
The Berlin Airlift
Explain what happened during the western zones uniting during the Berlin crisis
The Soviets were no longer co-operating, so the remaining allies joined their zones in 1948 to create Trizonia
then in June 1948 the three Allies created the currency called the deutschmark, to give Trizonia economic unity
What was the Berlin Blockade?
In June 1948 Stalin decided to shut off the land routes across Soviet-controlled Germany into Berlin. This was called the Berlin blockade
