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Study.com - History 101 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

How did Solon solve Athens’ economic problems?

A

To solve Athens’ economic woes, he encouraged the planting and export of olive oil, and forbade the sale of other foodstuffs abroad.

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2
Q

How did Cleisthenes complete Athens’ democratic reformation?

A

He transferred most of the power of government from the aristocratic Areopagus to the general assembly.

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3
Q

After the Bronze Age collapse, most city-states in ancient Greece were governed by _____.

A

Oligarchy

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4
Q

How did poor people in Athens manage to get a loan around 590 BCE?

A

Through debt slavery.

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5
Q

In ancient Greek political thought, how is a classical tyrant different from a king?

A

A tyrant is elected to his position.

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6
Q

To promote democracy, Pericles did each of the following, EXCEPT that _____

A

He sentenced corrupt aristocrats to exile and seized their property for public use

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7
Q

The Athenian Navy was an essential part of Athenian democracy because it _____.

A

Gave even the poorest citizens an important role to play by rowing triremes

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8
Q

Why did Sparta refuse to participate in the Delian League?

A

Sparta was afraid of a domestic slave revolt.

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9
Q

Athens’ allies became its subjects when _____.

A

Allies stopped providing their own naval contingents, and started paying tribute to Athens

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10
Q

The Delian League was formed to _____.

A

Attack the Persian Empire

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11
Q

Greek tragedy reached its pinnacle in Athens in what century?

A

5th century BCE

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12
Q

Which of the following is NOT a tragic theme?

A

Reducto ad absurdum, hyperbole, symbolic gestures, and lampoon.

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13
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the tragedian’s role in Athenian religion?

A

Tragedians retold traditional myths from a novel perspective, keeping their myths relevant and their religion alive.

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14
Q

Which of the following lists the Athenian tragedians in chronological order?

Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides

A

Aeschylus lived from 525 - 455 BCE. Sophocles lived from 497 - 406. Euripides lived from 480 - 406 BCE.

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15
Q

Which of the following was NOT a type of Greek theatre?

A

Mystery

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a tragic theme?

A

Lampoon, reducto ad absurdum, crude/toilet humor, and scathing social commentary.

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17
Q

The source of ancient Athens’ strength and wealth was its _____.

A

Navy

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18
Q

The Peloponnesian war started because _____.

A

Sparta grew more and more suspicious of Athens’ imperial ambitions

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19
Q

Alcibiades primarily served _____.

A

Himself

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20
Q

Pericles’ plan for winning the Peloponnesian War was to _____.

A

Build a long wall connecting the city of Athens to its port, Piraeus. In this way, Pericles said, Athens could behave like an island.

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21
Q

Pericles’ plan for winning the Peloponnesian War might have worked if it wasn’t for the _____.

A

Tight quarters made them prone to disease

22
Q

Socrates proposed all of the following, except:

A

Finding answers is more important than asking questions

23
Q

By sentencing Socrates to death, the Athenians:

A

Accidentally helped preserve his legacy

24
Q

Our main source of information on Socrates comes from _____.

A

The Dialogues of Plato

25
Q

Why was Socrates sentenced to death?

A

Charges of corrupting the youth of the city.

26
Q

Why was Socrates’ quest for truth considered so dangerous by Athenian society?

A

He was ultimately questioning religious beliefs, which in turn threatened the very foundations of Athenian society.

27
Q

Plato wrote his Allegory of the Cave in order to:

A

Help people imagine what it would be like to be deceived by their own senses and to demonstrate Socrates’ most important idea: the difference between opinion and knowledge.

28
Q

According to Plato, we know about ideal forms because _____

A

We come from the Realm of Forms at birth, and return there in death.

29
Q

Plato’s ideal Republic is ruled by:

A

A class of Philosopher Kings

30
Q

Which of the following scientific ideas would Plato disagree with:

A

Knowledge can be acquired through accurate recording of natural phenomena.

31
Q

For Plato, true knowledge can only be found through:

A

Pure reason and thought.

32
Q

Which statement about Aristotle is true?

A

Aristotle believed that events could have multiple causes.

33
Q

Which statement about Aristotle is true?

A

Aristotle believed that events could have multiple causes.

34
Q

Which of these statements showcases how Aristotle’s work has impacted the modern world?

a) All of these statements showcase Aristotle’s impact.

b) In Aristotle’s logic, there can be more than one cause or relationship between events, and these causes can build on one another.

c) Aristotle believed a man should live in moderation since even a virtue taken to an extreme becomes a vice.

d) Aristotle taught about logical reasoning, known today as a syllogism, an argument that is based on two true statements making a third statement also true.

A

A

35
Q

John loves all fruit. Apples are a fruit. Therefore, John loves apples. This is an example of Aristotelian logic known as:

A

Syllogism is an argument which is based on two true statements making a third statement also true.

36
Q

Which of these statements best describes Aristotle’s belief in the mean?

A

All things should be done in moderation.

Middle between 2 extremes = mean

37
Q

How did Aristotle’s ideas become so prominent throughout the known world at the time?

A

Aristotle’s most famous student, Alexander the Great, conquered much of the known world and brought Aristotelian philosophy with him.

38
Q

Why did Alexander the Great retreat from the Macedonian campaign in India?

A

Alexander’s soldiers mutinied.

39
Q

What is Hellenization?

A

Alexander’s policy of installing Greek administrators and establishing Greek cities throughout his empire. Process of spreading Greek culture and language.

40
Q

How did Philip II conquer Greece?

A

By establishing a league of allies

41
Q

How did Alexander the Great behave towards those who chose not to fight him?

A

Alexander the Great showed remarkable leniency toward those who opened their gates to him.

42
Q

Alexander the Great conquered all of the following except:

A

Sparta

43
Q

Languages naturally tend to _____

A

Diverge over time

44
Q

The works in the Library of Alexandria were written on _____.

A

Papyrus

45
Q

Even after centuries of growing, the Library of Alexandria held fewer books than most modern libraries. This is because _____.

A

Alexandrian scribes wrote every book by hand, whereas we use printing presses today

46
Q

Empires try to unify under a common language because _____.

A

It strengthens communication and power throughout the empire

47
Q

Why did Alexandria become a center of Hellenistic scholarship?

A

The Egyptians utilized the simple Greek alphabet and its widely spread common language, along with papyrus, a fantastic writing material.

48
Q

What did all three schools of philosophy (Cynics, Stoics, Epicureans) have in common?

A

A belief that true happiness is found in a rational attitude towards life.

49
Q

Why were the Cynics viewed as rebels?

A

Severally criticized and deliberately violated social customs.

50
Q

How did the Epicureans seek to fight fear and attain calmness of the soul?

A

Pleasure means the freedom from fear and pain and the tranquility or calmness of the soul.

51
Q

What did Stoics and Cynics have in common?

A

Embraced asceticism and self-denial to escape suffering.

52
Q

Why did the Stoics embrace apathy and detachment?

A

Stoics sought to be apathetic to or detached from the situations and circumstances of the world that they couldn’t control and focused instead on their mental responses to life and the world.

Study.com - History 101 (4 decks)

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