Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

1) __ is a period of time in which the surface of the earth is covered with sheets of ice called 2) __

1 = What “Age”?

A

1) Ice Age
2) Glaciers

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2
Q

1) __ are cold periods, glaciers extend from poles toward the 2) __

2) = Poles OR Equator?

A

1) Glaciation
2) Equator

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3
Q

1) __ are warm periods, glaciers retreat back to the 2) __.

2) = Poles OR Equator?

A

1) Interglaciation
2) Poles

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4
Q

What are hominids?

A

Ancestors to modern humans.

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5
Q

When did this latest period of interglaciation (warm period) start?

A

10,000 BCE.

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6
Q

What is the system of pastoralism?

A

Humans leading animals from pasture to pasture instead of the herds leading us.

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7
Q

How did the domestication of animals affect the lives of human beings?

A

It made settled agriculture possible.

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8
Q

How did the gradual warming of the earth affect the lives of human beings?

A

Human beings began to domesticate animals.

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9
Q

When did the last Ice Age end?

A

We are still in an Ice Age.

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10
Q

How many years ago did mankind come to the divide of being a nomad vs. a settled agriculture?

A

10,000 years ago.

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11
Q

Division of 1)__ is a big reason for 2)__ growth and career 3) __.

A

1) Labor
2) Population
3) Specilization

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12
Q

An increase in food production enabled the division of labor.

The division of labor allowed for the development of new technologies.

The development of new technologies allowed for a greater increase in food production.

This led to further division of labor, which led to further technologies, which led to further increases in population.

This is referred to as _____.

3 seperate words.

A

Positive Feedback Loop.

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13
Q

How did the Neolithic Revolution support larger populations worldwide?

A

Farming allowed for a surplus of food to support more people.

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14
Q

When do scientest believe that global temperatures dropped dramatically?

8,200 Years Ago

A

6400 BCE

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15
Q

Why did the temperature drop so fast in 6400 BC?

Which Lake?

A

Overflow of Lake Agassiz

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16
Q

How high may sea levels have risen after the overflow of Lake Agassiz?

(Meters)

A

2 Meters

17
Q

When was the mother of all indo-european language spoken?

A

6400 BC

18
Q

What was the first indo-european language called?

Proto-__-__

A

Proto-Indo-European

19
Q

Different languages resulted due to the seperation of peoples after the flooding of where happened?

__ __ Basin.

A

Black Sea Basin

20
Q

What is one reason scholars now believe the great flood actually took place?

A

Studies of language suggest that most European and Near Eastern languages can be traced back to a single common language.

21
Q

Why was the Indo-European diaspora important?

A

It spread agriculture to new areas, and gave rise to the evolution of different languages.

22
Q

Which of the following does Indo-European refer to?

A

A family of languages.

23
Q

Which of the following does Indo-European refer to?

A

A family of languages.

24
Q

In the Sumerian myth of a Great Flood, why did Goddess Enlil plan to flood the earth?

A

To control human population.

25
Q

The first proper city built was _____.

A

Uruk

26
Q

How did emerging cities with population surplus overcome the problem of administration?

A

Through writing and hierarchies

27
Q

The easiest way for a barbarian to gain the products of civilization was to:

A

Take them by force

28
Q

How did the creation of cities change the way in which people worked?

A

Workers became more specialized.

29
Q

Where was Mesopotamia located?

A

Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

30
Q

The advantages of civilization do not work against horse people because _____.

A

horse people use walls to pen people in

31
Q

For thousands of years, civilization’s only hope of victory against horse peoples was _____.

A

that horse peoples might become civilized themselves

32
Q

Civilization displaced other systems because civilized people _____.

A

could produce greater surpluses

33
Q

The last of the horse peoples died out:

A

They didn’t. They still live on the Eurasian steppe.

34
Q

Horse archers’ main antagonists were _____.

A

Settled agriculturalists