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ACSM > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Flexion

A

Movement resulting in a decrease of the joint angle, usually moving anteriorly in the sagittal plane.

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2
Q

Extension

A

Movement resulting in an increase of the joint angle, usually moving posteriorly in the sagittal plane.

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3
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body, usually in the frontal plane

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4
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body, usually in the frontal plane.

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5
Q

Horizontal Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane, usually used to describe horizontal humerus movement when the shoulder is flexed at 90

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6
Q

Horizontal Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane, usually used to describe horizontal humerus movement when the shoulder is flexed at 90

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7
Q

Internal (medial) rotation

A

Rotation in the transverse plane toward the midline of the body.

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8
Q

External (lateral) rotation

A

Rotation in the transverse plane away from the midline of the body.

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9
Q

Lateral Flexion (right or left)

A

Movement away from the midline of the body in the frontal plane, usually used to describe neck and trunk movement.

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10
Q

Rotation (right or left)

A

Right or left rotation in the transverse plane, usually used to describe neck and trunk movement.

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11
Q

Elevation

A

Movement of the scapula superiorly in the frontal plane.

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12
Q

Depression

A

Movement of the scapula inferiorly in the frontal plane.

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13
Q

Retraction

A

Movement of the scapula toward the spine in the frontal plane.

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14
Q

Protraction

A

Movement of the scapula away from the spine in the frontal plane.

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15
Q

Upward Rotation

A

Superior and lateral movement of the inferior angle of the scapula in the frontal plane.

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16
Q

Downward Rotation

A

Inferior and medial movement of the inferior angle of the scapula in the frontal plane.

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17
Q

Circumduction

A

A compound circular movement involving flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, circumscribing a cone shape.

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18
Q

Radial Deviation

A

Abduction of the wrist in the frontal plane.

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19
Q

Ulnar Deviation

A

Adduction of the wrist in the frontal plane.

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20
Q

Opposition

A

Diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fifth digit.

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21
Q

Eversion

A

Abducting the ankle

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22
Q

Inversion

A

Adducting the angle

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23
Q

Dorsiflextion

A

Flexing the ankle so that the foot moves anteriorly in the sagittal plane.

24
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Extending the ankle so that the foot moves posteriorly in the sagittal plane.

25
Q

Pronation (foot/ankle)

A

Combined movements of abduction and eversion resulting in lowering of the medial margin of the foot.

26
Q

Supination (foot/ankle)

A

Combined movements of adduction and inversion resulting in raising of the medial margin of the foot.

27
Q

Synovial Joints have 5 distinct features

A
  1. Enclosed by fibrous joint capsule.
  2. The joint capsule encloses the joint cavity.
  3. The joint cavity is lined with synovial membrane.
  4. Synovial fluid occupies the joint cavity.
  5. The articulating surfaces of the bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, which helps absorb shock and reduces friction.
28
Q

Joints are classified as:

A
  1. Synarthrodial (sutures of the skull)- do not move appreciably.
  2. Amphiarthrodial move slightly and are held together by ligaments (syndesmosis- inferior tibiofibular joint) or fibrocartilage (synchondrosis- pubic symphysis)
  3. Diarthrodial (Synovial)- only joints that contain articular cavity, synovial membrane and synovial fluid.

S-ynarthrodial
A-mphiarthrodial
D-iarthrodial

29
Q

Suture joint- type and example

A

Fibrous- tight union unique to the skull

30
Q

Syndesmosis joint- type and example

A

Fibrous- Interosseous membrane between bones (the union along the shafts of the radius and ulna, tibia and fibula, and the distal tibiofibular joint)

31
Q

Gomphosis joint- type and example

A

Fibrous- Unique joint at the tooth socket

32
Q

Primary Joint (synchondroses; hyaline cartilaginous)- type and example

A

Cartilaginous- Usually temporary to permit bone growth and typically fuse (epiphyseal plates); some do not (at the sternum and rib)

33
Q

Secondary joint (symphyses; fibrocartilaginous)- type and example

A

Cartilaginous- Strong, slightly movable joints (intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis)

34
Q

Plane (arthrodial) Joint- type and example

A

Synovial- Gliding and sliding movements (acromioclavicular joint)

35
Q

Hinge (ginglymus) Joint- type and example

A

Synovial- Uniaxial movements (elbow extension and flexion)

36
Q

Ellipsoidal (condyloid) Joint- type and example

A

Synovial- Biaxial joint (radiocarpal extension, flexion at the wrist)

37
Q

Saddle (sellar) Joint- type and example

A

Synovial- Unique joint that permits movements in all planes, including opposition (the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)

38
Q

Ball and socket (enarthrodial) Joint- type and example

A

Synovial- Multiaxial joints that permit movements in all directions (hip and shoulder joints)

39
Q

Pivot (trochoidal) Joint- type and example

A

Synovial- Uniaxial joints that permit rotation (proximal radioulnar and atlantoaxial joints)

40
Q

Bicondylar Joint- type and example

A

Synovial- Allow movement primarily around one axis with some limited rotation in a second axis (knee flexion and extension with limited internal and external rotation)

41
Q

Scapulothoracic Joint- type, movement and plane

A

Not a true functional joint-
Elevation- depression / Frontal
Upward/Downward rotation / Frontal
Protraction-Retraction / Frontal
Medial-lateral rotation / Transitional
Anterior-posterior tilting / Sagittal

42
Q

Glenohumeral Joint- - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial- ball and socket
Flexion-extension / Safittal
Abduction- Adduction/ Frontal
Internal-External Rotation / Transverse
Horiz abduction- adduction / Transverse
Circumduction / Multiple

43
Q

Elbow Joint- - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: hinge
Flexion-extention / Sagittal

44
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint- type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: pivot
Pronation- supination / Transverse

45
Q

Wrist Joint - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: ellipsoidal
Flexion- extension/ Sagittal
Abduction- Adduction/ Frontal

46
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joint - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: Ellipsoidal
Flexion- extension / Sagittal
Abduction- Adduction / Frontal

47
Q

Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joint - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: hinge
Flexion-extension / Sagittal

48
Q

lntervertebral Joint - type, movement and plane

A

Cartilaginous
Flexion-extension / Sagittal
Lateral flexion / Frontal
Rotation / Transverse

49
Q

Hip Joint - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: ball and socket
Flexion- extension / Safittal
Abduction-Adduction / Frontal
Internal-external Rotation / Transverse
Circumduction / Multiple

50
Q

Knee Joint- - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: bicondylar
flexion-extension / Sagittal
Internal-external rotation / Transverse

51
Q

Ankle: talocrural Joint - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: hinge
Dorsiflexion- plantarflexion / Sagittal

52
Q

Ankle: subtalar Joint - type, movement and plane

A

Synovial: gliding
Inversion-eversion / Frontal

53
Q

Classifications of Skeletal Muscles

A
  1. Strap (sartorius muscle)- longitudinal, strap like, parallel fibers
  2. Fusiform (biceps brachii muscle)- parallel arrangement, spindle shaped
  3. Unipennate (flexor pollicis, longus muscle)- fibers only on one side of the tendon
  4. Bipennate (rectus femoris muscle) - fibers on both sides of a centrally positioned tendon)
  5. Multipennate (subscapularis muscle) - two or more fasciculi attaching obliquely and combined into one muscle
54
Q

Study table 3.5 and 3.6

55
Q

The rotator cuff muscles include

A

the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis, often remembered by the acronym SITS.

ACSM (3 decks)

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