Chapter 3 Flashcards
Strategies for New-Product Introduction
Market Pull (“We Make What We Can Sell”)
Technology Push (“We Sell What We Can Make”)
Interfunctional View
Cross-Functional Product Design (Concurrent Design)
The simultaneous design of the product and the process that will be used to produce that product.
This can only be accomplished by using a cross-functional design team. (Ex. Marketing, engineering, and operations work together)
Sequential (“over the wall”) Approach
Traditional approach
Individual functional areas (engineering, operations, marketing) operate without consulting each other
Often results in misalignment.
Concurrent approach
Requires the various functional areas to cooperate and work together in the same time frame
Concurrent Design - Benefits
Time compression
Product concept → Product launch
People hours & cost
Quality of design
Quality of conformance (producability/manufacturability)
Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
Objective: Design a product for easy & economical production
Modular Design
Part Standardization
Value Analysis
DFM: Modular Design
A series of basic product components (modules) are developed for later assembly into multiple products
Greater final product variety through “mixing and matching” of modules
Reduced complexity and costs associated with producing a large number of product variations & servicing/repairing those products
Easy to subcontract production of modules
Ex. Dell
DFM: Part Standardization
Objective: Minimize the number of different parts employed unnecessarily
Reduce inventory volume, complexity, and cost
Reduce supplier base
DFM: Value Analysis
Enhance the design of a good or service to provide higher quality at the same or a lower price.
Modify the design of production process to lower the cost of a product or service while maintaining or improving quality.
In other words, improve the ratio of usefulness (quality) to cost.
DFM Guidelines (Examples)
Minimize the number of parts
Use standard parts wherever appropriate
Simplify operations
Avoid tools
Minimize handling
CAD – Computer Aided Design
Software used to plan and evaluate products and product features
Can completely replace manual drafting
Benefits of CAD
Shortens time to market
Produces better designs faster
Reduces time to manufacture
Enlarges design possibilities
Builds database of designs and creates documentation to support them
Simulated testing
Enhances communication
Output can be fed into CAM
CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing
Software that translates CAD generated data files into computerized instructions that are used to program, direct, and control production equipment in the manufacture items.
Numerical Control (NC):
Operation of the machine tool is controlled by coded numerical instructions (on paper tapes)
Computer Numerical Control (CNC):
A computer connected to the machine tool is used to store and execute the instructions
Direct Numerical Control (DNC):
A single, centralized computer is used to control a set of machine tools
CNC & DNC Machine Tools
Tool magazines and automated tool changers
Can have the ability to perform the functions of several older machine tools
Flexible Manufacturing System-FMS
A group of two or more numerically controlled machine tools
Interconnected by an automated material transfer system
Controlled by a central computer
New product design process
- Concept development
- Product design
- Preliminary process design
- Pilot production/testing
- Final product and process design
Value=
Quality/cost
CNC and DNC machine tools have to ability to…
Perform the functions of several older machines
Replace the manual effort that would have been put in and leads to no delays from setup times
Types of numerical control of machine tools
Numerical control
Computer numerical control
Direct numerical control
