CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
Cross Sectional Studies
Looking at different groups at the same time
Matching
Groups must be similar
Cohort Effect Groups
are different and may affect the outcome of the study
Survivor Effect
those who have survived may be different than those who have died
Longitudinal Studies
Same group is studied year after year
Clinical (Controlled) Trials
Researcher has the ability to control one aspect of the study at a time to study only one variable
Randomized Controlled Trial
The Gold Standard
Other studies utilized when assessing the physiological process of aging:
randomized trial
blind study
double-blind study
sampling
Age changes must be:
universal intrinsic progressive irreversible deleterious
Universal
occurs in all members to a certain degree
Intrinisic
caused by age and not environmental factors
Progressive
gradual rather than a specific event
Irreversible
maybe slow but not go back
Deleterious
must lead to loss of function
The Integumentary System (SKIN) functions:
protects underlying tissues
regulates body temperature
eliminates salt and other waste products
synthesizes Vitamin D
sensory receptors respond to environmental changes such as heat, cold, light, touch, pain
shedding of skin process is about 28 days but turnover rate decreases by 30-50% between ages 20-70
Biggest source of aging skin
sun exposure
(skin) protects:
underlying tissues
(skin) regulates:
body temperature
(skin) eliminates:
salt & waste products
(skin) synthesizes:
vitamin D
(skin) has __________ that respond to environmental changes
sensory receptors
(skin) shedding process for skin is about _________ days
28 days
Cigarette smoking can
alter texture of skin
facial expressions can create
“laugh lines”
skin becomes more ______, _______, ______, ______, as we age
fragile
thinner
easier to tear
rough to touch
Less blood circulates making elders feel:
cold
bruise easier
As we age, _______ glands decrease
sweat
We have reduced ____ ____ an altered ability to ________ and regulate body _______.
body odor
perspire
temperature
Our skin is less able to produce _____
Vitamin D
Clumping of melatonin that can produce
“liver spots”
spider veins
Less ___________ makes skin sag
subcutaneous fat
fingernails & toenails grow
more slowly
graying of hair is caused by
loss of pigment
photoaging
the suns changes on our skin
UVA & UVB is
damaging
Senile Pruritus
“itching in old persons”
What causes Senile Pruritus?
dry skin
natural oils decline with age
Stasis dermatitis
area around the ankles is more susceptible to injury and poor healing
Skin Cancer is the most _______ type of cancer
common
3 kinds of skin cancer
basal - treatable
squamous- treatable
melanoma
(unusual kinds)
Melanoma is _______ but _______.
uncommon
serious
Moles should be examined with ABCD
(A)symmetry
irregular (B)order
uneven (C)olor
(D)iamter greater than 6 mm
There are over ___ bones:
200
Bones store _____ and share it with _____:
calcium
other parts of the body
What produces white and red blood cells?
bone marrow
Skeletal muscles produce ______ actions:
voluntary
posture, facial expressions, locomotion
Smooth muscles help in the ________
stomach
line digestive track, windpipe, bladder and blood vessels
Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal _____ ____.
common with ages above ___.
muscle mass
65
most common type of arthritis
osteoarthritis
