Non-marine classes of business
Physical Damage:
Non-marine liability:
Non-marine other:
Aviation classes of business
Physical damage:
Liability:
- Airline liability
Other aviation:
Marine classes of business
Physical damage:
Marine liability:
Other types of marine cover:
Motor insurance
Standard motor written by composite insurers and specialist insurers
Some motor written in London Market
Overseas motor also written, split into:
EU/EEA
USA/Canada
Rest of world
Physical damage and liability covered
Innocent victim must be protected - insurers can’t always rely on insurance law due to this, so must fully understand nature of risk before agreeing to cover it.
LM uses delegated underwriting contracts
Agricultural crop and forestry/hail insurance
Crops farmed commercially
- main peril is loss of crop
- hazard is weather or disease
Eg. Loss of crop through hail or frost damage
Bloodstock/livestock insurance
Bloodstock: Covers racehorses and show jumpers
Livestock: Covers all animals that can be reared commercially
Perils - sickness, injury, total loss for racehorse, loss of value (unable to breed when put to stud), loss by disease.
Contingency insurance
Concert/event cancellation/abandonment - cost of refunding tickets and rearranging event
Over redemption - cost of more redemption than expected(coupons etc)
Prize indemnity - covers cost of prize for charity event if won or drinks for hole in one
Personal accident and health insurance
Personal Accident:
- Benefits policy, benefits paid weekly/monthly for agreed period for injury or lump sum for permanent disablement
Personal accident and sickness:
- sudden onset illness eg heart failure
Kidnap and ransom
Property insurance including onshore energy
Made up at least 1/4 of Lloyd’s business in 2018 and IUA.
Property: Construction insurance
Construction insurance:
Property: Property insurance
Property:
Cover depends on uses of property
- Buildings
- Machinery
- Stock
Can purchase “all risks” or just fire by itself and add on any further perils if needed.
- fire can include damage caused by putting it out
- not a chemical reaction where no ignition
Other cover: lightning, explosion, earthquake, aircraft, riots/strikes, malicious acts, storm/flood/EOW, impact damage, sprinkler leakage, subsidence
What does Expediting Expenses cover for under Property/Onshore energy?
Cover to pay for extra costs eg overtime, air freight charges for parts to repair
What will property insurers never cover??
What risks would property insurers provide as ‘buy-backs’?
What does property insurance use as one of the options for indemnifying the insured in event of loss or damage?
Concept of reinstatement
- Insurer agrees to make good the property lost or damaged and takes over property during period of reinstatement
What would Property insurers expect to be on more specialist policies?
What would you use Day One Average Memorandum / Day One Reinstatement for?
Ensuring an adequate sums insured.
- Counteracts impact of inflation given building reinstatement may take years
Policy shows SI in two parts:
End result is SI which meets reinstatement costs incurred in total.
What is an onshore energy risk?
A property risk where subject matter insured is specific to energy industry.
UW considerations
What does Glass Insurance cover?
Can be bought as stand-alone
What does Stock Insurance cover?
Agreed SI based on max exposure
Pay deposit of premium at start of insurance and make regular declarations to insurer
Claims for fire, theft or damage
What perils does Theft Insurance exclude?
Fire, money, war
Specifically:
Collusion - inside job
Entry gained by tricks or keys - employees being careless
What is Pecuniary insurance for?
Loss suffered is monetary or financial
Money insurance - what does it cover?
All risks of loss to money which is responsibility of insured.
Includes cheques, stamps, vouchers, lottery tickets. Risk is measured by negotiability.
General exclusions: war
Specific: loss from unattended vehicle, loss from use of keys, dishonesty of employees
What does Fidelity Guarantee insurance cover?
Loss of property as direct result of fraudulent act
Insurers look at insurers risk management