Chapter 29 - Plants And The Colonization Of Land Flashcards
What are the 4 common characteristics of land plants and charophyceans?
- Rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes.
- Peroxisome enzymes that reduce photorespiration.
- Ultrastructure of flagellated sperm.
- Phragmoplast formation.
What are a land plants and green algae called?
Charophytes.
How did plants move to land?
Shallow water, sporopollenin in spore walls, natural selection, and boundaries of the plant kingdom.
What are of some derived traits of land plants?
Apical meristems. Alternation of generations. Placental transfer cells. Walled spores produced in sporangia. Multicellular gametophytes and multicellular sex organs. The embryophyte condition.
Characteristics of gametophyte?
Haploid, produces gametes, gametangia.
Characteristics of sporophyte?
Diploid, produces spores by meiosis, and sporangium.
What are most derived traits of land plants?
Cuticle.
Mycorrhizae.
Secondary metabolites.
What are some secondary metabolites?
Alkaloids, terpens, tannins which protect from herbivores.
Flavonoids which protect from UV.
And phenolics which prevent infections.
What are some characteristics of plants?
Starch as food storage compound.
Vascular tissue like xylem and phloem.
Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids.
Cellulose cell walls.
Characteristics of Bryophytes?
Non vascular plants. Dominant gametophyte. Thin cuticle. Archegonium and antheridium. Flagellated sperm. Some have hydroids and leptoids. No true roots, leaves, or stems. Rhizouds.
Characteristics of Phylum Bryophyta?
Mosses.
Radial symmetry.
Produces an upright sporophyte with stomata.
Sporangium.
Characteristics of Phylum Hepatophyta?
Liverworts. Bilateral symmetry. Archegonophore and antheridiophore. Sporophyte but no stomata. Gemmae cups.
Characteristics of Phylum Anthocerophyta?
Hornwarts. One chloroplast per cell. Intercalary meristem - sporophyte. Sporophyte has stoma. Mucilage filled cavity. Nitrogen fixing.
What are microphylls?
Leaves with a single vein.
What are megaphylls?
Leafs with a highly branched vascular system.