Chapter 29 - Plants And The Colonization Of Land Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 4 common characteristics of land plants and charophyceans?

A
  1. Rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes.
  2. Peroxisome enzymes that reduce photorespiration.
  3. Ultrastructure of flagellated sperm.
  4. Phragmoplast formation.
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1
Q

What are a land plants and green algae called?

A

Charophytes.

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2
Q

How did plants move to land?

A

Shallow water, sporopollenin in spore walls, natural selection, and boundaries of the plant kingdom.

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3
Q

What are of some derived traits of land plants?

A
Apical meristems.
Alternation of generations.
Placental transfer cells.
Walled spores produced in sporangia.
Multicellular gametophytes and multicellular sex organs.
The embryophyte condition.
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4
Q

Characteristics of gametophyte?

A

Haploid, produces gametes, gametangia.

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5
Q

Characteristics of sporophyte?

A

Diploid, produces spores by meiosis, and sporangium.

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6
Q

What are most derived traits of land plants?

A

Cuticle.
Mycorrhizae.
Secondary metabolites.

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7
Q

What are some secondary metabolites?

A

Alkaloids, terpens, tannins which protect from herbivores.
Flavonoids which protect from UV.
And phenolics which prevent infections.

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8
Q

What are some characteristics of plants?

A

Starch as food storage compound.
Vascular tissue like xylem and phloem.
Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids.
Cellulose cell walls.

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9
Q

Characteristics of Bryophytes?

A
Non vascular plants.
Dominant gametophyte.
Thin cuticle.
Archegonium and antheridium.
Flagellated sperm.
Some have hydroids and leptoids.
No true roots, leaves, or stems.
Rhizouds.
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10
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Bryophyta?

A

Mosses.
Radial symmetry.
Produces an upright sporophyte with stomata.
Sporangium.

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11
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Hepatophyta?

A
Liverworts.
Bilateral symmetry.
Archegonophore and antheridiophore.
Sporophyte but no stomata.
Gemmae cups.
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12
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Anthocerophyta?

A
Hornwarts.
One chloroplast per cell.
Intercalary meristem - sporophyte.
Sporophyte has stoma.
Mucilage filled cavity.
Nitrogen fixing.
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13
Q

What are microphylls?

A

Leaves with a single vein.

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14
Q

What are megaphylls?

A

Leafs with a highly branched vascular system.

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15
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Lycophyta?

A

Club mosses, spike mosses, ground pines.
Microphylls.
Fertile leaves, strobilus.

16
Q

Homosporous definition?

A

Produces a single type of gametophyte.

17
Q

Characteristics of phylum Pterophyta?

A
Ferns, psilotum, and horsetails.
Photosynthetic gametophyte.
Sporangia and sori.
Annulus.
Fiddleheads.
18
Q

Characteristics of Psilophytes?

A

No leaves.
Have rhizoids, no roots.
Has an underground stem called rhizome.

19
Q

Characteristics of Spenophytes?

A

True leaves reduced to a whorls of scales around nodes.
Large terminal strobili.
Silica in cell walls.
Photosynthetic stems radiate from nodes.