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Biology 1108 > Chapter 29 - Fungi > Flashcards

Chapter 29 - Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do we study fungi?

A

Ecological, agriculturally, medically, and environmentally benefits

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2
Q

Explain the carbon cycle relationship with fungi?

A

Fungi digests lignin and cellulose to obtain carbon containing nutrients. The carbon-containing nutrients returned to the carbon cycle. Carbon atoms are then released during cellular respiration by plants and other organisms. Then, carbon atoms are fixed by plants during photosynthesis. Lastly, carbon atoms stored in plant bodies both living and death.

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3
Q

What is another word for decomposers?

A

Saprophytes (they eat on dead organisms)

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4
Q

What is an exoenzyme?

A

they are synthesized inside the cell ad then serrated out. Their main function is to break down complex macromolecules into smaller unites to be taken up by the cell fir growth.

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5
Q

Exoenzymes liberate what compounds?

A

Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus compounds

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6
Q

What kind of fungi rots on fruit and vegetables?

A

Saprophytic fungi

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7
Q

Can fungi be parasitic?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Pneumocystis carnii causes what infection?

A

Pneumonia

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9
Q

Candida thrush causes what infection?

A

Yeast Infection

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10
Q

Trichophyton causes what infection(s)?

A

Athlete’s foot and ringworm

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11
Q

Psilocybe is also known as…..

A

magic mushrooms

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12
Q

Cyclosporin is also known as the wonder drug. Explain what the drug entails.

A

It is an immunosuppressant isolated from the Tolypodcladium inflatum.

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13
Q

SEM “bread mold” has a type of medicine derived from it; what is it?

A

Pencillium

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14
Q

What are three examples of fungi that are used for cooking?

A

Button mushroom , shitake mushroom, and bakers yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae)

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15
Q

What is lichen?

A

They are shrubby, crusty, or leafy biomonitors that come pigmented. They are classified as part algae and part cyanobacteria.

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16
Q

What is the mutualism relationship with plants and fungi?

A

Mycorhizzae which is also known as the fungi root and its main purpose is to increase the are of the root. Fungi also gets carbohydrates.

17
Q

What are characteristics of fungi?

A

Eukaryotic, most multicellular, nonvascular, reproduction by means by spores, and mostly non motile
-no chlorophyll
-hyphae
-they store glycogen
-cell wall is made up of chitin (provide structural stability)

18
Q

What type of fungi is motile?

A

Chytrids

19
Q

Ergosterol is in the membranes of fungi. What is the purpose?

A

Target for antifungal drug

20
Q

Trypansomes are protozoans that cause _____________________

A

African sleeping sickness

21
Q

What is hyphae?

A

long, branching, filamentous structure that absorb nutrients and release enzymes

22
Q

What is mycelia?

A

Filamentous structures that have a huge surface area for absorption. They have extensive, feeding web

23
Q

What does septtate, aseptate, and coenocytic mean?

A

Septate: have cross walls
Aseptate: no cross walls: lots of nuclei
Coenocytic: many nucleated cells

24
Q

Fungi are classified as _________________. How do they get their energy?

A

Heterotrophic; By absorption

25
Q

With parasitic fungi, explain the characteristics of haustoria.

A

Haustoria is parasitic hyphae and how it works it the hyphae is adapted trapping and killing its prey its their cell membrane or cell wall.

26
Q

What is the reproductive part of the fungus called?

A

Ascus

27
Q

Spores can produce via ____________________

A

asexual and sexual

28
Q

Where are spores formed?

A

Directly on the hyphae, insides the sporangia, and with the fruiting bodies

29
Q

Conidia are spores produced_____________

A

asexually

30
Q

When talking about sexual reproduction, is is known as haploid or diploid dominant?

A

Haploid

31
Q

Explain the steps of sexual reproduction in fungi.

A

Hypha of (-) and (+) will come together to fuse. Then, a diploid zygote is formed which is located in the zygospore. Then, meiosis will occur to form the haploid spores

32
Q

What are some examples of asexual reproduction?

A

Fragmentation of the mycelium, asexual spore formation by mitosis, and budding

33
Q

Dikaryotic

A

Biology 1108 (2 decks)

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