Chapter 29 - Development, Pregnancy, and Heredity

Question 1

Prenatal period

Answer 1

• begins w/ fertilization
• ends w/ birth

Question 2

Pre-embryonic period

Answer 2

• first 2 weeks of development (after fertilization)
• single cell produced by fertilization (zygote) and becomes multicellular structure (blastocyst).
• ends when blastocyst implants in lining of uterus

Question 3

Embryonic period

Answer 3

• 3rd through 8th weeks of development
• rudimentary versions of major organs appear
• “embryo”

Question 4

Fetal period

Answer 4

• remaining 30 weeks prior to birth
• “fetus”
• organs increase in complexity
• fetus continues to grow

Question 5

Fertilization

Answer 5

• process which 2 haploids gametes fuse to form new diploid cell containing genetic material from both parents

Question 6

Capacitation

Answer 6

period of conditioning where sperm cell membranes are modified while in the female reproductive tract prior to being able to fertilize the secondary oocyte

Question 7

Corona radiata penetration

Answer 7

sperm that successfully reach secondary oocyte are initially prevented entry
- sperm motility allows them to push through cell layers

Question 8

Zona pellucida penetration

Answer 8

after sperm pass through corona radiata, they release digestive enzyme from their acrosomes to penetrate glycoproteins forming the zona pellucida
- when one sperm penetrates, no other sperm can enter through it hardening

Question 9

Ovum

Answer 9

fertilized female sex cell that has completed meiosis II

Question 10

Cleavage

Answer 10

Series of mitotic cell divisions occurring in the zygote immediately following its fertilization
- increase in cell # but not overall size

Question 11

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer 11

• produced by syncytiotrophoblast
• signals the corpus luteum that fertilization & implantation have occurred