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Foundations of Nursing I > Chapter 29 & 32 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 29 & 32 Key Terms Flashcards

For the Foundations quiz on 10/21/13

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1
Q

aerobic

A

bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow; most common

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2
Q

anaerobic

A

bacteria that can live without oxygen

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3
Q

antibody

A

immunoglobin produced y the body in response to a specific antigen

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4
Q

antigen

A

foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

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5
Q

antimicrobial

A

antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth

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6
Q

asepsis

A

absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection

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7
Q

bacteria

A

most frequent and commonly observed infection-causing agents in healthcare institutions

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8
Q

disinfection

A

process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores

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9
Q

endemic

A

something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location

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10
Q

endogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person himself or herself harbors

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11
Q

exogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host

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12
Q

fungi

A

plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection

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13
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

an infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial)

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14
Q

host

A

animal or person on or within in which microorganisms live

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15
Q

iatrogenic

A

infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

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16
Q

infection

A

disease state that results from the presence of pathogens in or on the body

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17
Q

isolation

A

protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques

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18
Q

medical asepsis

A

practices designed to reduce the number and

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19
Q

nosocomial

A

something origination or taking place in the hospital (i.e., infection)

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20
Q

pathogens

A

disease producing microorganisms

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21
Q

personal protective equipment

A

(PPE) gloves, gowns, masks and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare worker’s exposure to infectious material

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22
Q

reservoir

A

natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms

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23
Q

standard precautions

A

CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions

24
Q

sterilization

A

(1) the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed; (2) surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile

25
Q

surgical asepsis

A

practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique

26
Q

transmission-based precautions

A

CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to Standard Precautions

27
Q

vector

A

nonhuman carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, that transmit organisms from one host to another

28
Q

virulence

A

ability to produce disease

29
Q

virus

A

smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by using an electron microscope

30
Q

bandage

A

piece of gauze or other material used to cover a wound

31
Q

debridement

A

cleaning away devitalized tissue and foreign matter from a wound

32
Q

dehiscence

A

separation of the layers of a surgical wound; may be partial, superficial, or a complete disruption of the surgical wound

33
Q

dermis

A

layer of the skin below the epidermis

34
Q

desiccation

A

dehydration; the process of being rendered free from moisture

35
Q

dressing

A

protective covering placed over a wound

36
Q

epidermis

A

superficial layer of the skin

37
Q

eschar

A

a thick, leathery scab or dry crust that is necrotic and must be removed for adequate healing to occur

38
Q

evisceration

A

protrusion of viscera through an incision

39
Q

exudate

A

fluid that accumulates in a wound; may contain serum, cellular debris, bacteria, and white blood cells

40
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the skin or from one internal organ to another

41
Q

friction

A

occurs when two surfaces rub against each other; the resulting injury resembles an abrasion and can also damage superficial blood vessels directly under the skin

42
Q

granulation tissue

A

new tissue that is pink/red in color and composed of fibroblasts and small blood vessels that fill and open wound when it starts to heal

43
Q

ischemia

A

deficiency of blood in a particular area

44
Q

maceration

A

softening through liquid; overhydration

45
Q

necrosis

A

death of cells and tissue

46
Q

negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT)

A

activity that promotes wound healing and wound closure through the application of uniform negative pressure on the sound bed, reduction in bacteria in the wound, and the removal of excess wound fluid

47
Q

pressure ulcer

A

any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissue

48
Q

purulent drainage

A

comprised of white blood cells, liquefied, dead tissue debris, and both dead and live bacteria

49
Q

sanguineous drainage

A

contained with a mixture with blood

50
Q

scar

A

connective tissue that fills a wound area

51
Q

serosanguineous drainage

A

mixture of serum and red blood cells

52
Q

serous drainage

A

composed of clear, serous portion of the blood and from serous membranes

53
Q

shear

A

results when one layer of tissue slides over another layer. It separates the skin from underlying tissues.

54
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

underlying layer that anchors the skin layers to the underlying tissues of the body

55
Q

wound

A

injury that results in a disruption in the normal continuity of a body tissue

Foundations of Nursing I (2 decks)

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