Chapter 29

Question 0

Using empirical data to establish a scientific truth

Answer 0

Empirical method

Question 1

Arriving at truth by applying a general law or proposition to a specific case,

Answer 1

Deductive Reasoning

Question 2

The first encyclopedia produced in mid-eighteenth century France by the philosopher Diderot

Answer 2

Encyclopedie

Question 3

The intellectual reform movement in 18th century Europe that challenged traditional idea and policies in many areas of theory and practice.

Answer 3

Enlightenment

Question 4

An important philosophical essay by John Locke that underpinned Enlightenment optimism.

Answer 4

Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Question 5

“Earth centered”; theory of the cosmos that erroneously held the Earth to be its center

Answer 5

Geocentric

Question 6

Opposite of geocentric; recognizes sun as center of solar system

Answer 6

Heliocentrism

Question 7

Arriving at truth by reasoning from specific cases to a general law or proposition.

Answer 7

Inductive Reasoning

Question 8

A French term used to refer to the writers and activist intellectuals during the enlightenment.

Answer 8

Philosophes

Question 9

The method of observation and experiment by which the physical sciences proceed to new knowledge.

Answer 9

Scientific Method

Question 10

One of the basic tracks of the 18th century enlightenment written by Baron Montesquieu and adopted by many reformers of government throughout Europe.

Answer 10

Spirit of the Laws

Question 11

Short title of the pathbreaking work on national economy by Adam Smith, published 1776.

Answer 11

Wealth of Nations