chapter 28- Coronary Artery Disease Flashcards
what is CAD caused by
build-up of lipids in arteries AKA atherosclerosis
what does chest pain signal is CAD
decreased oxygen to the tissues
CAD risk factors
-smoking
-hyperlipidemia
-HTN
-obesity –specifically abdominal
-sedentary life
-age >45 men >55 female
-ethnicity
-preeclampsia
genetics
stable angina — when and why
-exercise, exertion, stress, cold
-o2 demand being greater than supply
substernal CP symptoms
squeezing feeling radiates into the jaw, neck, shoulders, arm
-should be brief
-comes with SOB, sweating, N/V
-can be mistaken for GI or arthritis pain
-gender differences in symptoms
treatment of stable angina/substernal CP
thrombolytics and interventional therapy
IE: heart cath, stent
when does variant angina occur
during rest, bedtime is common and can last for 3-6 months daily
treatment for variant angina
calcium channel blocker, beta blocker, nitrates
-increase exercise tolerance and prevent progression
what is acute coronary syndrome
unstable angina, acute pain lasting longer than 20 minutes while at rest.
WARNING SIGN TO MI
what is an NSTEMI MI
non-ST elevation heart attack
what is a STEMI MI
ST elevation for 20 minutes on ECG
MORE SEVERE
Labs done after MI
Creatine Kinase: cardiac isoenzyme test (represents cardiac muscle damage)
Cardiac troponin 1 & T: shows cardiac cell damage
what is a heart cath
diagnostic test.
-done through groin or radial can clear blockages and place stents
what is a graft
cutting of an artery and reconnecting when it can not be reopened
how do Nitrates work
Potent vasodilator
-increase blood flow, lower pressure, and relieve pain by allowing more oxygen to the tissues
DECREASES PRELOAD AND AFTERLOAD
