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Bio 2 > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

A line on both sides of a fishes body that marks the location of sense organs that detect vibrations in water

A

lateral line

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2
Q

The aquatic, fishlike larva of a frog or toad

A

tadpole

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3
Q

The ability to detect chemicals in the environment

A

chemoreception

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4
Q

A gland in the skin of an amphibian that produces lubricants to keep the skin moist

A

mucous gland

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5
Q

A flexible and strong connective tissue

A

cartilage

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6
Q

A third eyelid found under the lower eyelid of many vertebrates, including birds, reptiles, and amphibians

A

Nictitating membrane

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7
Q

The copulatory embrace of amphibians

A

amplexus

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8
Q

fertilization of an egg by sperm that occurs inside the body of the female

A

internal fertilization

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9
Q

A method of reproduction in fish, amphibians, mollusk, and crustaceans in which eggs or sperm are deposited into water

A

spawning

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10
Q

in animals, respiration through the skin

A

cutaneous respiration

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11
Q

The union of gametes outside the bodies of the parents, as in many fishes and amphibians

A

external fertilization

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12
Q

A kind of fish who’s fins are supported by long, segmented, and flexible bony elements called rays

A

ray finned fish

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13
Q

One of the hard scales that resemble vertebrate teeth and cover skin of sharks and rays

A

placoid scales

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14
Q

in bony fishes, a gas filled sac that is used to control buoyancy

A

Swim bladder

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15
Q

The eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

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16
Q

in the fish, a hard plate that is attached to each side of the head, that covers gills, and that is open at the rear

A

operculum

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17
Q

flexible, lightweight tissue made of cells surrounded by protein

A

cartilage

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18
Q

protects the dorsal nerve cord

A

vertebra

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19
Q

supports the pharynx

A

gill arch

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20
Q

sense vibrations in the water

A

lateral line

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21
Q

toothlike spine that covers the skin of cartilaginous fishes

A

placoid scale

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22
Q

controls buoyancy

A

swim bladder

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23
Q

possesses fleshy fins

A

lobe finned fishes

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24
Q

possesses fins supported by segmented bony elements

A

ray finned fishes

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25
hard plate that protects the gills
operculum
26
water and blood flow in opposite directions
countercurrent flow
27
protects the brain
cranium
28
ability to detect chemicals in the environment
chemoreception
29
receives and processes information from the lateral line system
optic tectum
30
reproductive behavior
spawning
31
the "blank" of sharks help to reduce water turbulence and increase swimming efficiency
placoid scalds
32
the "blank" is thought to have evolved from lungs of early bony fishes
swim bladder
33
during "blank" in cartilaginous fishes, the male transfers sperm to the female by means of claspers
internal fertilization
34
lungfishes and coelacanths are "blank"
lobe finned fish
35
perch, trout, and salmon are
ray finned fish
36
the midbrain of fish is dominated by a structure called the "blank", which processes sensory information
optic tectum
37
in bony fishes, "blank" may include nest-building or migrating to warm shallow waters
spawning
38
a "blank" is an individual segment of a backbone made of bone or cartilage
vertebra
39
jaws are thought to have developed from "blank"
gill arches
40
nostrils, taste buds, and barbels are structures involved in "blank"
chemoreception
41
the "blank" is a system of canals line with cells that are sensitive to vibration
lateral line
42
lampreys produce larvae in a process called "blank"
internal fertilization
43
sharks and other members of the class Chondrichthyes have skeletons of "blank"
cartilage
44
fish exhibit a process called "blank" which enables maximum diffusion of oxygen into the blood
countercurrent flow
45
respiration through the lungs
pulmonary respiration
46
upper portion of the small intestine
duodenum
47
carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
48
structure through which wastes exit the body of an amphibian
vent
49
middle portion of the small intestine
ileum
50
feature of an ancestral group that allows a shift to a new function that is later selected
preadaptation
51
carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
systemic circulation
52
holds the small intestine in place
mesentery
53
produces a substance that keeps frog skin moist
mucous gland
54
transparent, movable membrane that covers the eyes
nictitating membrane
55
small bone that extends between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear
columella
56
membrane known as the eardrum
tympanic membrane
57
respiration through the skin
cutaneous respiration
58
behavior in which the male firmly grasps the female for reproduction
amplexus
59
all vertebrates are in the phylum
Chordata
60
fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are in the subphylum
vertebrata
61
vertebrates are bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate animals with endoskeletons, closed "blank" systems, complex "blank" and efficient "blank" systems
circulatory; nervous system; respiratory
62
lamprey are part of what class
cephalasidomorphi
63
hagfish are part of class
myxini
64
do lamprey and hagfish have jaws?
no
65
how does a fish breathe through its gills?
water comes in through the mouth, passes over gills, oxygen diffuses into blood vessels, carbon dioxide into water
66
what two adaptations of cartilaginous and bony fishes help them to locate food?
sense of smell, lateral line
67
2 examples of bony fishes
ray finned and lobe finned
68
4 characteristics of bony fishes
bony skeletons, ctenoid/cycloid scales, swim bladder, spinelike rays
69
2 examples of cartilaginous fish
sharks, rays
70
4 characteristics of cartilaginous fish
skeleton made of cartilage, has placoid scales, can regrow teeth, no swim bladder or lungs
71
2 examples of jawless fish
lampreys, hagfish
72
4 characteristics of jawless fish
jawless, skeleton made of cartilage, no vertebral column, have gills
73
what three orders make up the class Amphibia?
Gymnophiona, Caudata, Anura
74
Why do amphibian eggs need to be laid in water?
eggs lack protection to prevent drying out, water necessary to transport sperm
75
where is oxygen rich blood pumped
to body systems and tissues
76
where is oxygen poor blood pumped
lungs and skin
77
adult frogs and toads have legs,lungs, and a "blank" heart
three chambered
78
tadpoles have gills, fins, and a "blank" heart
two chambered
79
amphibians are "blank" animals whose body temperature changes with the temperature of their surroundings
ectotherms
80
fertilized amphibian eggs hatch into "blank" during the aquatic phase of their life
tadpoles
81
some salamanders have no lungs and breathe through their "blank"
skin
82
early amphibians needed large amounts of food and oxygen to
walk on land
83
in many amphibians, the most important organ for gas exchange is the
skin
84
many frogs and toads use "blank" as a defense against predators
toxins
85
frogs and toads have sound producing bands of tissues in their throat called
vocal cords
86
salamanders are unlike frogs and toads because they have
long, slender bodies, necks, and tails
87
caecilians are amphibians that have no
limbs
88
the movement of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart
systemic circulation

Bio 2 (3 decks)

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