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Bio 2 > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A line on both sides of a fishes body that marks the location of sense organs that detect vibrations in water

A

lateral line

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2
Q

The aquatic, fishlike larva of a frog or toad

A

tadpole

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3
Q

The ability to detect chemicals in the environment

A

chemoreception

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4
Q

A gland in the skin of an amphibian that produces lubricants to keep the skin moist

A

mucous gland

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5
Q

A flexible and strong connective tissue

A

cartilage

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6
Q

A third eyelid found under the lower eyelid of many vertebrates, including birds, reptiles, and amphibians

A

Nictitating membrane

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7
Q

The copulatory embrace of amphibians

A

amplexus

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8
Q

fertilization of an egg by sperm that occurs inside the body of the female

A

internal fertilization

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9
Q

A method of reproduction in fish, amphibians, mollusk, and crustaceans in which eggs or sperm are deposited into water

A

spawning

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10
Q

in animals, respiration through the skin

A

cutaneous respiration

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11
Q

The union of gametes outside the bodies of the parents, as in many fishes and amphibians

A

external fertilization

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12
Q

A kind of fish who’s fins are supported by long, segmented, and flexible bony elements called rays

A

ray finned fish

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13
Q

One of the hard scales that resemble vertebrate teeth and cover skin of sharks and rays

A

placoid scales

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14
Q

in bony fishes, a gas filled sac that is used to control buoyancy

A

Swim bladder

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15
Q

The eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

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16
Q

in the fish, a hard plate that is attached to each side of the head, that covers gills, and that is open at the rear

A

operculum

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17
Q

flexible, lightweight tissue made of cells surrounded by protein

A

cartilage

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18
Q

protects the dorsal nerve cord

A

vertebra

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19
Q

supports the pharynx

A

gill arch

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20
Q

sense vibrations in the water

A

lateral line

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21
Q

toothlike spine that covers the skin of cartilaginous fishes

A

placoid scale

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22
Q

controls buoyancy

A

swim bladder

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23
Q

possesses fleshy fins

A

lobe finned fishes

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24
Q

possesses fins supported by segmented bony elements

A

ray finned fishes

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25
Q

hard plate that protects the gills

A

operculum

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26
Q

water and blood flow in opposite directions

A

countercurrent flow

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27
Q

protects the brain

A

cranium

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28
Q

ability to detect chemicals in the environment

A

chemoreception

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29
Q

receives and processes information from the lateral line system

A

optic tectum

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30
Q

reproductive behavior

A

spawning

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31
Q

the “blank” of sharks help to reduce water turbulence and increase swimming efficiency

A

placoid scalds

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32
Q

the “blank” is thought to have evolved from lungs of early bony fishes

A

swim bladder

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33
Q

during “blank” in cartilaginous fishes, the male transfers sperm to the female by means of claspers

A

internal fertilization

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34
Q

lungfishes and coelacanths are “blank”

A

lobe finned fish

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35
Q

perch, trout, and salmon are

A

ray finned fish

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36
Q

the midbrain of fish is dominated by a structure called the “blank”, which processes sensory information

A

optic tectum

37
Q

in bony fishes, “blank” may include nest-building or migrating to warm shallow waters

A

spawning

38
Q

a “blank” is an individual segment of a backbone made of bone or cartilage

A

vertebra

39
Q

jaws are thought to have developed from “blank”

A

gill arches

40
Q

nostrils, taste buds, and barbels are structures involved in “blank”

A

chemoreception

41
Q

the “blank” is a system of canals line with cells that are sensitive to vibration

A

lateral line

42
Q

lampreys produce larvae in a process called “blank”

A

internal fertilization

43
Q

sharks and other members of the class Chondrichthyes have skeletons of “blank”

A

cartilage

44
Q

fish exhibit a process called “blank” which enables maximum diffusion of oxygen into the blood

A

countercurrent flow

45
Q

respiration through the lungs

A

pulmonary respiration

46
Q

upper portion of the small intestine

A

duodenum

47
Q

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

48
Q

structure through which wastes exit the body of an amphibian

A

vent

49
Q

middle portion of the small intestine

A

ileum

50
Q

feature of an ancestral group that allows a shift to a new function that is later selected

A

preadaptation

51
Q

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

A

systemic circulation

52
Q

holds the small intestine in place

A

mesentery

53
Q

produces a substance that keeps frog skin moist

A

mucous gland

54
Q

transparent, movable membrane that covers the eyes

A

nictitating membrane

55
Q

small bone that extends between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear

A

columella

56
Q

membrane known as the eardrum

A

tympanic membrane

57
Q

respiration through the skin

A

cutaneous respiration

58
Q

behavior in which the male firmly grasps the female for reproduction

A

amplexus

59
Q

all vertebrates are in the phylum

A

Chordata

60
Q

fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are in the subphylum

A

vertebrata

61
Q

vertebrates are bilaterally symmetrical, coelomate animals with endoskeletons, closed “blank” systems, complex “blank” and efficient “blank” systems

A

circulatory; nervous system; respiratory

62
Q

lamprey are part of what class

A

cephalasidomorphi

63
Q

hagfish are part of class

A

myxini

64
Q

do lamprey and hagfish have jaws?

A

no

65
Q

how does a fish breathe through its gills?

A

water comes in through the mouth, passes over gills, oxygen diffuses into blood vessels, carbon dioxide into water

66
Q

what two adaptations of cartilaginous and bony fishes help them to locate food?

A

sense of smell, lateral line

67
Q

2 examples of bony fishes

A

ray finned and lobe finned

68
Q

4 characteristics of bony fishes

A

bony skeletons, ctenoid/cycloid scales, swim bladder, spinelike rays

69
Q

2 examples of cartilaginous fish

A

sharks, rays

70
Q

4 characteristics of cartilaginous fish

A

skeleton made of cartilage, has placoid scales, can regrow teeth, no swim bladder or lungs

71
Q

2 examples of jawless fish

A

lampreys, hagfish

72
Q

4 characteristics of jawless fish

A

jawless, skeleton made of cartilage, no vertebral column, have gills

73
Q

what three orders make up the class Amphibia?

A

Gymnophiona, Caudata, Anura

74
Q

Why do amphibian eggs need to be laid in water?

A

eggs lack protection to prevent drying out, water necessary to transport sperm

75
Q

where is oxygen rich blood pumped

A

to body systems and tissues

76
Q

where is oxygen poor blood pumped

A

lungs and skin

77
Q

adult frogs and toads have legs,lungs, and a “blank” heart

A

three chambered

78
Q

tadpoles have gills, fins, and a “blank” heart

A

two chambered

79
Q

amphibians are “blank” animals whose body temperature changes with the temperature of their surroundings

A

ectotherms

80
Q

fertilized amphibian eggs hatch into “blank” during the aquatic phase of their life

A

tadpoles

81
Q

some salamanders have no lungs and breathe through their “blank”

A

skin

82
Q

early amphibians needed large amounts of food and oxygen to

A

walk on land

83
Q

in many amphibians, the most important organ for gas exchange is the

A

skin

84
Q

many frogs and toads use “blank” as a defense against predators

A

toxins

85
Q

frogs and toads have sound producing bands of tissues in their throat called

A

vocal cords

86
Q

salamanders are unlike frogs and toads because they have

A

long, slender bodies, necks, and tails

87
Q

caecilians are amphibians that have no

A

limbs

88
Q

the movement of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart

A

systemic circulation

Bio 2 (3 decks)

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