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Bio 2 > Bio Exam > Flashcards

Bio Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

which taxon is made up of related phyla or divisions

A

kingdom

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2
Q

list the taxa from broadest to most specific

A

kingdom phylum class order family genus species

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3
Q

what kingdom(s) are NOT included in Domain Eukarya

A

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria

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4
Q

what would you call an organism with an endoskeleton and a backbone

A

vertebrate

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5
Q

why must external fertilization always occur in water?

A

helps transport sperm, prevents sperm from drying out

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6
Q

name the cell layers of a gastrula starting from the inner layer

A

endoderm mesoderm ectoderm

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7
Q

an organism with a body cavity that develops between mesoderm and endoderm is a

A

pseudo coelomate

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8
Q

name/list the advantages of segmentation

A

can survive damage to one segment and movement is more effective

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9
Q

what characteristics do roundworms and flatworms share/have in common

A

bilateral symmetry, no circulatory or respiratory organs

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10
Q

what structure allows flatworms to excrete wastes from their bodies

A

flame cells

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11
Q

what type of worm is a heart worm

A

filarial

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12
Q

what structure, in mollusks like squid or octopi, allows them to move very fast by ejecting water(jet propulsion)

A

siphon

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13
Q

how does a nudibranch(sea slug) protect itself?

A

incorporate nematocysts in their tissues

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14
Q

list 3 examples of class bivalvia

A

clams, oysters, mussels

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15
Q

what structure in an earthworms digestive tract is going to physically (mechanical digestion) break down food

A

gizzard

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16
Q

In which group of animals go the males have modified pedipalps that they use during reproduction

A

arachnids

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17
Q

what characteristic to Arthropods and Annelids share

A

segmented

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18
Q

name the 3 functions of an Arthropods exoskeleton

A

framework for support, protects tissues, slows water loss

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19
Q

what structure would an aquatic arthropod have that a terrestrials arthropod would not

A

gills

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20
Q

what type of development do spiders have

A

incomplete

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21
Q

name the stages in order of complete metamorphosis

A

egg larva pupa adult

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22
Q

which group of Arthropods have 2 sets of wings

A

insects

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23
Q

what structure do spiders kill their prey with

A

chelicerae

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24
Q

what type of mouthparts would a mosquito have

A

piercing/sucking, thin needle like

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25
Q

what structure allows winged insects to analyze a fast-changing landscape during flight

A

compound eyes

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26
Q

true or false. all spiders capture prey by building a web. if false, why?

A

false. ex. trapdoor spider uses hole in the ground

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27
Q

list 5 features that all vertebrates share

A

backbone, endoskeleton, closed circulatory system

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28
Q

list 5 features that vertebrates would not have

A

no backbone, open circulatory system, exoskeleton

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29
Q

what is the function of fish scales

A

protection

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30
Q

name the 3 structures that an amphibian could use to exchange gas with the environment

A

skin gills lungs

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31
Q

what is the benefit of an operculum

A

increases rate of respiration

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32
Q

lizards belong to order Squamata. what reptile also belongs to this order and what characteristic do they share with lizards

A

snakes, jointed jaws

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33
Q

what is a carapace and what order of animal would have it

A

dorsal part of shell, testudinata(turtles)

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34
Q

which reptile order has an internal structure that is different from all other reptiles that allows oxygen to be delivered more efficiently? what structure?

A

crocodilians, 4 chambered heart

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35
Q

name several benefits of amniotic eggs

A

self sufficient(yolk egg), protective shell, fluids(moist)

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36
Q

name 3 features that allow birds to fly

A

feathers, wings, hollow/light weight bones

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37
Q

what type of animal can be active in very cold climates. give examples

A

endotherms ex. arctic fox, polar bear

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38
Q

what is the best explanation for a lizard eating less than a similarly sized bird

A

metabolism is higher

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39
Q

name the structures that air passes through, in order, in a birds respiratory system

A

trachea posterior air sacs lungs anterior air sacs

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40
Q

what is the primary function of hair

A

insulation

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41
Q

what are the 2 main ways that mammals cool themselves

A

sweating, panting

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42
Q

what does the mammalian cerebellum control

A

balance and coordination

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43
Q

which group of mammals gives birth to live young that immediately move to a pouch of continue development

A

marsupial

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44
Q

which group of mammals is the most like reptiles

A

monotremes

45
Q

what are incisors well adapted to do

A

seizing prey, pincers

46
Q

what are the unique characteristics of mammals

A

mammary glands, hair/fur

47
Q

list the layers of skin from outer to inner

A

epidermis dermis subcutaneous

48
Q

what is the role of keratin in the epidermis

A

water proofs and protects skin

49
Q

what layer of tissue provides insulation in mammals

A

fatty/subcutaneous

50
Q

what is the correct way to write a scientific name in print?

A

first letter capitalized, second lower case and italicized

51
Q

what is the function of oil glands and the oil they produce

A

lubricates skin and hair

52
Q

why does a severe burn hurt( 3rd degree)

A

nerve cells dead in skin tissue

53
Q

multiple sclerosis causes demyelination. how does this affect the nervous system

A

slower transmission of signals

54
Q

which part of your nervous system would respond if you encountered a bear while hiking

A

sympathetic

55
Q

name receptors that are chemoreceptors

A

taste buds, sense, olfactory

56
Q

what does caffeine do to the nervous system? alcohol?

A

stimulant; depressant

57
Q

describe the functions of the peripheral nervous system

A

carries info from cns, contains motor and sensor neurons

58
Q

what type of respiration takes place only in the lungs

A

external

59
Q

what is the main function of cilia in the respiratory system

A

trap foreign particles from entering the lungs

60
Q

large blood vessels that contain valves are

A

arteries

61
Q

what component of blood allows it to clot

A

platelets

62
Q

where does digestion start, name types

A

mouth, chemical and mechanical

63
Q

list the organs that food passes through in the digestive system

A

esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum

64
Q

if a person is choking and coughing what has likely occurred

A

food has entered the trachea

65
Q

a chemical released by an organ to the bloodstream and then binds to receptors on a cells membrane of a targeted tissue. what kind of chemical is it

A

hormone

66
Q

when do diabetics need to take insulin

A

when blood sugar is low

67
Q

where does most digestion take place

A

small intestine

68
Q

list 2 examples or negative feedback from everyday life

A

furnace, and thermostat

69
Q

what in the human body break molecules into smaller molecules

A

enzymes

70
Q

what does FSH stimulate production of in the testes

A

sperm

71
Q

where are egg cells produced in the female reproductive system

A

ovary

72
Q

what is the name of the thin layer that forms a sac around the embryo

A

amnion

73
Q

why don’t blood cells pass from mother to fetus

A

separate circulatory systems

74
Q

what is the function of the hormone oxytocin during just before and during birth

A

stimulates involuntary contraction in uterine wall

75
Q

where does an egg travel to after leaving the ovary?(both names)

A

Fallopian tube/oviduct

76
Q

in what structure does the human fetus develop

A

uterus

77
Q

how many sperm are released on average during ejaculation

A

300 million each day

78
Q

what type of cells would you find in the epidermis

A

epithelial

79
Q

what is the membrane that surrounds individual bones

A

periosteum

80
Q

what are the functions of marrow(both types)

A

red- RBCs &WBCs and platelets

yellow-stores fat

81
Q

where 2 or more bones meet is called

A

joints

82
Q

what type of muscle would be found in many internal organs

A

smooth

83
Q

repeating units of actin and myosin are called

A

sarcomeres

84
Q

skin color is determine by the brown pigment called

A

melanin

85
Q

what valve would you find between the left atrium and the left ventricle? both names

A

bicuspid/mitral

86
Q

what valve would you find between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid

87
Q

the circulation between the heart and all parts of the body except the lungs is called

A

systemic

88
Q

what is the primary role of hemoglobin

A

carries oxygen to body cells

89
Q

the long, straight tube that carries air from the back of the throat to the lungs is called the

A

trachea

90
Q

what nutrient provides the body most easily with energy

A

carbohydrates

91
Q

the major building blocks of body tissue are supplied by foods containing

A

proteins

92
Q

name another name for the large intestine

A

colon

93
Q

enzymes are sent by what organ through a duct to the first part of the small intestine

A

pancreas

94
Q

pepsin and hydrochloric acid are present in the stomach to begin the digestion of

A

proteins

95
Q

kidneys are made of over 1 million functional units called

A

nephrons

96
Q

once urine is produced by the kidneys it moves into the urinary bladder through tubes called

A

ureters

97
Q

the cytoplasmic extensions of a neuron allow it to receive information from many different sources simultaneously. what are these extensions called

A

dendrites

98
Q

what is the insulating structure called that surrounds the axons of some neurons

A

myelin sheath

99
Q

what carries messages across a synapse

A

neurotransmitters

100
Q

what is the junction of one neuron to another neuron or muscle cell called

A

synapse

101
Q

make the light sensitive layer of the eye

A

retina

102
Q

what structure in the eye controls the amount of light that enters it

A

iris

103
Q

specific genes that are activated with a target cell are activated with what type of hormone

A

steroids

104
Q

what structure in the brain controls much of the endocrine activity in the body by regulating secretions of the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

105
Q

a swollen thyroid gland is called a

A

goiter

106
Q

what are the tubes called in the tastes where sperm are produced

A

seminiferous tubules

107
Q

the lower end of the uterus that is also a muscular opening is called

A

cervix

108
Q

what is the release of an egg from an ovary called

A

ovulation

109
Q

what structure transfers nutrients, oxygen, and wastes between mother and embryo

A

placenta

Bio 2 (3 decks)

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