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Chapter 28 Infection > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

0
Q

Scientific Knowledge Base

Nature of infection definition

A

Infection- the invasion of a susceptible host by pathogens or microorganisms resulting in disease.
Entry and multiplication of organisms result in disease

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1
Q

Chain Of Infection

A
  1. Infectious agent or pathogen
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of Exit
  4. Mode of Transmission
  5. Portal of Entry
  6. Host
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2
Q

Colonization occurs

A

When a microorganism invades the host but does not cause infection

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3
Q

Define immunocoprmised

A

Having an impaired immune system

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4
Q

Define Virulence

A

The ability to produce disease

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5
Q

Define Aerobic Bacteria

A

Require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease

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6
Q

Define Anaerobic Bacteria

A

Thrice where little or no free oxygen is available

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7
Q

Define Bacteriostasis

A

Prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria

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8
Q

Define Bactericidal

A

Destructive to bacteria

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9
Q

Define Communicable Disease

A

The infectious process transmitted from one person to another

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10
Q

Define Symptomatic

A

If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

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11
Q

Define asymptomatic

A

If clinical signs and symptoms are not present

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12
Q

Hand Hygiene

A

Most important technique to use in preventing and controlling transmission of infection

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13
Q

The Four Stages of the Infectious process

A
  1. Incubation Period
  2. Prodromal Stage
  3. Illness Stage
  4. Convalescence
    * localized vs systemic infection
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14
Q

Defenses Against Infection

A
  • normal flora(microorganisms)
  • Body Systems (organisms)
  • Inflammation(vascular & cellular responses)
  • signs of local inflammation and infection are identical
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15
Q

Healthcare associated infection

A

-results from delivery of healthcare services in a healthcare Facility

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16
Q

Patients who are at greater risk for healthcare associated infections (HAI)

A
  • multiple illnesses
  • older adults
  • poorly nourished
  • lower resistance to infection
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17
Q

Types of healthcare associated infection (HAI)

A
  1. Latrogenic - from a procedure
  2. Exogenous - from microorganisms outside the individual
  3. Endogenous - when the patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results
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18
Q

HAI Risk Factors

A
  • number of healthcare employees with direct contact with the patient
  • types and numbers of invasion procedures
  • therapy receive
  • length of hospitalization
19
Q

Major sites for HAI infection

A
  • surgical or traumatic wounds
  • urinary and respiratory tracks
  • bloodstream
20
Q

Factors that influence infection prevention and control

A 
Age
nutritional status 
stress 
disease process 
treatments or conditions that compromise that immune response
21
Q

Nursing process: assessment part 1.

A

Assessment includes a thorough investigation. Reviewing : systems, travel history. Immunization and vaccinations

22
Q

Nursing process:

assessment part two

A
  • early recognition of risk factors
  • see through the patients eyes
  • Status of defense mechanism
  • patient Susceptibility
  • clinical appearance (signs and symptoms of infection
  • laboratory Data
23
Q

Nursing process: NURSING DIAGNOSIS For Infection

A
  • imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements
  • impaired oral mucous membranes
  • risk for impaired skin integrity
  • social isolation
  • readiness for enhanced immunization status
24
Q

Nursing Process: Planning

A

-Goals & Outcomes
-common goals: preventing exposure to infectious organisms
Controlling of reducing the extent of infection
Maintaining resistance to infection
Verbalizing understanding of infection prevention and control techniques (hand hygiene)

25
Q

Nursing Process: Planning pt 2

A
  • Setting priorities: Establish priorities for each diagnosis and for related goals of care
  • Teamwork and Collaboration: Remember to plan care and include other disciplines as necessary
26
Q

Implementation pt 1

A
  • Health Promotion: preventing an infection from developing or spreading
  • Acute Care: Treating an infectious process includes eliminating the infectious organisms and supporting the patients defenses
27
Q

When implementing care consider:

A
  • Medical and surgical asepsis
  • Control or illumination of infectious agents
  • control or illumination of reservoirs
  • Control of portals of entry
  • control of transmission
  • hand hygiene
  • isolation precautions
28
Q

Implementation: Asepsis & Aseptic Technique Definition

A

Asepsis- Absence of pathogenic microorganisms

As.Techn- Practices/Procedures that assist in reducing the risk for infection

29
Q

Define Medical Asepsis or Clean Technique

A

Includes procedures for reducing the number of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms

30
Q

Define Surgical Asepsis or sterile technique

A

Prevents contamination of an open wound, served to isolate the operative area from the unsterile environment, and maintains a sterile field for surgery

31
Q

Standard precautions

A

Prevent and control infection and as it spreads
Apply to contact with blood. Body fluid, nonIntact skin and mucous membranes from all patient
Hand Hygiene
Hand washing

32
Q

Hand hygiene includes…

A

Using an Instant alcohol hand and antiseptic back before and after providing patient care, washing hands with soap and water when they are visibly soiled, and performing a surgical scrub

33
Q

Handwashing is

A

The act of hands with soap and water, followed by rinsing under a stream of water for 15 seconds

34
Q

Disinfection definition

A

A process that eliminates many or all Microorganisms, with the expectation of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects

35
Q

Sterilization definition

A

The complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms including spores

36
Q

Infection prevention and control

A
  • patients safety (separate personal care items, handling Solid and fluid waste, wound cleaning
  • patient education
  • cough etiquette
  • isolation and isolation precautions
  • surgical asepsis
37
Q

Cough Etiquette

A
  • Cover your nose/mouth of the tissue when you called and promptly dispose of that contaminated tissue
  • place a surgical mask on a patient if it does not compromise respiratory function
  • perform hand hygiene affect contact with contaminated respiratory secretions
  • contain separation greater than 3 feet from persons with respiratory infection
38
Q

Isolation & isolation precautions definition

A

Isolation is the separation and restriction of movement of ill persons with contagious diseases
Ex airborne, droplet, contact, and protective environment

39
Q

Surgical Asepsis

A
  • patient preparation
  • sterile field
  • Principles
  • Performing Sterile Procedures
40
Q

Define sterile field

A

An area free of microorganisms and prepared to sterile items

41
Q

Principles of surgical Aspesis

A
  1. A sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another sterile object
  2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field
  3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below an person’s waist is contaminated
  4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolong expose to a air
42
Q

Principles of Surgical Asepsis pt 2

A
  1. What a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet contained surface, the sterile object comes contaminated by capillary action
  2. Guild flows in the direction of gravity
  3. The edges of a sterile field of gravity
  4. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered contaminated
43
Q

Performing Sterile Procedures

A

-donning & removing caps,makes and eyewear, masks and eyewash
-opening sterile packages
- preparing a sterile field
- pouring sterile solutions
- surgical scrub
Applying a sterile gloves
_donning a sterile glow

44
Q

Evaluation

A

See through the patient’s eyes
-patients outcome
Exposure tissue

Chapter 28 Infection (2 decks)

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