chapter 28 Flashcards
bryophyte spores are dispersed by:
A. bryophytes do not have spores
B. water
C. animals
D. air
the answer is D. air
in angiosperms, a [blank] is contained in the anthers or ovaries, and the [blank] consists of the rest of the plant.
A. sporophyte; gametophyte
B. bryophyte; sporophyte
C. gametophyte; sporophyte
D. sporophyte; bryophyte
the answer is C. gametophyte; sporophyte
a large flower that is white, fragrant, and open at night is likely pollinated by a:
A. hummingbird
B. bee
C. fly or beetle
D. bat
E. rodent
the answer is D. bat
the protective outer covering of a seed is called the:
A. cotyledon
B. seed endosperm
C. seed coat
D. scale
E. seed sepal
the answer is C. seed coat
one function of fruit is to:
A. produce seeds
B. attract pollinators
C. aid in the dispersal of seeds
the answer is C.
in Chara, the zygote immediately undergoes
meiosis
in land plants, the zygote divides by
mitosis
what does the life cycle of land plants differ from that of green algae?
land plant fertilization includes a multicellular sporophyte generation and green algae fertilization does not.
where does the sporophyte originate?
from a fertilized egg
are sporophytes dependent or independent?
they are dependent of the gametophyte
the resulting life cycle, in which a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte alternate, is called
alternation of generation
sporangia typically release spores when…
conditions are dry
for protection from drying out or from exposure to damaging ultraviolet radiation as they travel through the air, spores are coated in
sporopollenin
which of the following statements describes the major challenge early land plants faced, and bryophytes continue to face, in adapting an ancestral aquatic reproductive cycle to land?
A. gametophytes need environmental water to undergo meiosis.
B. few spores can survive dispersal in air.
C. plants dependent on surface water may dry out and die before completing their life cycles.
D. successful fertilization by free-swimming sperm is rare because it generally requires continuous water films connecting male and female gametophytes.
the answer is D.
each sporangium contains diploid cells that undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores
!
which of the shared derived characters separates ferns and horsetails from the gymnosperms and angiosperms?
A. pollen and seeds
B. alternation of generations
C. xylem and phloem
the answer is A. pollen and seeds
pollen and seeds are only produced in…
seed plants
the evolution of pollen liberated seed plants from the need to release swimming sperm into the environment
!
in pines, complete development of the female gametophyte depends upon successful:
A. fertilization.
B. pollination.
C.pollination and fertilization.
D. dispersal and germination of the female spore.
the answer is B. pollination
why is reproducing on land more difficult for plants than reproducing in water?
they heavily require water for fertilization, and there’s more of a possibility for drying out
what are the traits that differentiate land plants from their green algae ancestors?
the life cycle of land plants differs from that of green alga because land plant fertilization includes a multicellular sporophyte generation and green alga does not
what are the two main stages that land plants alternate between?
between haploid and diploid generations
in angiosperms, spores are:
A. not produced; spores have been replaced by seeds as the principal dispersal unit.
B. produced by meiosis in both anthers and carpels.
C. produced only in the carpels; spores are the precursors to ovules.
D. produced only in the anthers; spores are the precursors to pollen.
the answer is B.
which group of organisms completes both its sexual reproduction and its dispersal in water?
A. liverworts
B. chara
C. ferns
D. angiosperms
E. horsetails
the answer is B.
