chapter 28

Question 1

bryophyte spores are dispersed by:
A. bryophytes do not have spores
B. water
C. animals
D. air

Answer 1

the answer is D. air

Question 2

in angiosperms, a [blank] is contained in the anthers or ovaries, and the [blank] consists of the rest of the plant.
A. sporophyte; gametophyte
B. bryophyte; sporophyte
C. gametophyte; sporophyte
D. sporophyte; bryophyte

Answer 2

the answer is C. gametophyte; sporophyte

Question 3

a large flower that is white, fragrant, and open at night is likely pollinated by a:
A. hummingbird
B. bee
C. fly or beetle
D. bat
E. rodent

Answer 3

the answer is D. bat

Question 4

the protective outer covering of a seed is called the:
A. cotyledon
B. seed endosperm
C. seed coat
D. scale
E. seed sepal

Answer 4

the answer is C. seed coat

Question 5

one function of fruit is to:
A. produce seeds
B. attract pollinators
C. aid in the dispersal of seeds

Answer 5

the answer is C.

Question 6

in Chara, the zygote immediately undergoes

Answer 6

meiosis

Question 7

in land plants, the zygote divides by

Answer 7

mitosis

Question 8

what does the life cycle of land plants differ from that of green algae?

Answer 8

land plant fertilization includes a multicellular sporophyte generation and green algae fertilization does not.

Question 9

where does the sporophyte originate?

Answer 9

from a fertilized egg

Question 10

are sporophytes dependent or independent?

Answer 10

they are dependent of the gametophyte

Question 11

the resulting life cycle, in which a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte alternate, is called

Answer 11

alternation of generation

Question 12

sporangia typically release spores when…

Answer 12

conditions are dry

Question 13

for protection from drying out or from exposure to damaging ultraviolet radiation as they travel through the air, spores are coated in

Answer 13

sporopollenin

Question 14

which of the following statements describes the major challenge early land plants faced, and bryophytes continue to face, in adapting an ancestral aquatic reproductive cycle to land?
A. gametophytes need environmental water to undergo meiosis.
B. few spores can survive dispersal in air.
C. plants dependent on surface water may dry out and die before completing their life cycles.
D. successful fertilization by free-swimming sperm is rare because it generally requires continuous water films connecting male and female gametophytes.

Answer 14

the answer is D.

Question 15

each sporangium contains diploid cells that undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores

Answer 15

!

Question 16

which of the shared derived characters separates ferns and horsetails from the gymnosperms and angiosperms?
A. pollen and seeds
B. alternation of generations
C. xylem and phloem

Answer 16

the answer is A. pollen and seeds

Question 17

pollen and seeds are only produced in…

Answer 17

seed plants

Question 18

the evolution of pollen liberated seed plants from the need to release swimming sperm into the environment

Answer 18

!

Question 19

in pines, complete development of the female gametophyte depends upon successful:
A. fertilization.
B. pollination.
C.pollination and fertilization.
D. dispersal and germination of the female spore.

Answer 19

the answer is B. pollination

Question 20

why is reproducing on land more difficult for plants than reproducing in water?

Answer 20

they heavily require water for fertilization, and there’s more of a possibility for drying out

Question 21

what are the traits that differentiate land plants from their green algae ancestors?

Answer 21

the life cycle of land plants differs from that of green alga because land plant fertilization includes a multicellular sporophyte generation and green alga does not

Question 22

what are the two main stages that land plants alternate between?

Answer 22

between haploid and diploid generations

Question 23

in angiosperms, spores are:
A. not produced; spores have been replaced by seeds as the principal dispersal unit.
B. produced by meiosis in both anthers and carpels.
C. produced only in the carpels; spores are the precursors to ovules.
D. produced only in the anthers; spores are the precursors to pollen.

Answer 23

the answer is B.

Question 24

which group of organisms completes both its sexual reproduction and its dispersal in water?
A. liverworts
B. chara
C. ferns
D. angiosperms
E. horsetails

Answer 24

the answer is B.

Question 25

which of the processes is required for the asexual reproduction of certain aspen species, grasses, bamboo, and spider plants?
A. meiotic cell division
B. mitotic cell division
C. alternation of generations
D. spore formation

Answer 25

the answer is B.

Question 26

in seed plants, the outermost protective tissues of the ovule are derived from:
A. the male gametophyte.
B. the female gametophyte.
C. the sporophyte.
D. both sporophyte and gametophyte generations equally.

Answer 26

the answer is C.

Question 27

what is the fundamental reproductive unit that the cones of gymnosperms, flowers of angiosperms, and the reproductive fronds of ferns all share in common?
A. a modified leaflike organ bearing seeds
B. a modified sporangium-like organ containing an embryo
C. a modified stemlike organ bearing gametophytes
D. a modified leaflike organ bearing sporangia

Answer 27

the answer is D.

Question 28

the transport of pollen to the ovule is called:
A. ovulation.
B. fertilization.
C. reproduction.
D. pollination.
E. germination.

Answer 28

the answer is D.

Question 29

which of these groups does not undergo mitosis to become multicellular in both the haploid and diploid phases of its life cycle?
A. horsetails
B. angiosperms
C. liverworts
D. charophytes
E. ferns

Answer 29

the answer is D.

Question 30

what is one of the ways that plants overcome dispersal issues associated with vegetative reproduction?
A. horizontal stems grow away from the parent, allowing new shoots to grow at a distance from the parent.
B. clonal spores rely on wind dispersal.
C. fruits encourage animal-assisted dispersal.
D. specialized seed coats can enable wind dispersal.

Answer 30

the answer is A.

Question 31

the stems of all plants, whether they reproduce asexually or sexually, are vertical; there is no such thing as a horizontal stem.
true or false

Answer 31

false