chapter 27

Question 1

how many multicellular phases does a plant have in their life cycle?

Answer 1

2, one haploid(1n), and one diploid (2n)

Question 2

explain turgor pressure?

Answer 2

when a plant has strong cell walls, it can impact photosynthesis, trigger cell growth, control some plant movements

Question 3

which is the most diverse and evolved group?
angiosperms or gymnosperms?

Answer 3

angiosperms

Question 4

out of the bryophytes which is the most diversed?
A. mosses
B. liverworts
C. hornworts

Answer 4

the answer is A.

Question 5

mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are referred to as what group?

Answer 5

bryophytes

Question 6

what are some bryophyte characteristics?

Answer 6

• they are small
• do not produce roots
• gametophyte dominant
• sexually reproduce by spores not seeds
  -hornworts produce a flattened photosynthetic thallus
• liverworts can be either leafy or thalloid

Question 7

why can bryophytes grow in many places?

Answer 7

because they cannot restrict water loss, their hydration fluctuates with the environment

Question 8

sphagnum moss is responsible for slow decomposition in these bogs

Answer 8

!

Question 9

peat bogs are wetland in which dead organic matter accumulates rather than decomposes

Answer 9

!

Question 10

what are considered vascular plants?

Answer 10

-lycophytes
- ferns and horsetails
- gymnosperms
- angiosperms

Question 11

the evolution of [blank] and [blank] gave vascular plants an advantage in size and water absorption

Answer 11

xylem and phloem

Question 12

earliest vascular plants relied on swimming sperm for fertilization. they needed a moist environment for this.

Answer 12

!

Question 13

lycophyte leaves have only a single [blank] and no [blank]

Answer 13

vein and petiole

Question 14

plants that grow on other plants for structural support, but do not consume nutrients or energy from them, are called:
A. photophytes
B. lycophytes
C. tracheophytes
D. parasites
E. epiphytes

Answer 14

the answer is E. epiphytes

Question 15

the first vascular plants had leaves.
true or false

Answer 15

false

Question 16

in most gymnosperms, long-distance transport of the male haploid generation occurs:
A. through the air
B. through water
C. by animals
D. using gravity
E. on the ground

Answer 16

the answer is A. through air

Question 17

while looking at a plant, you notice that the major veins in its leaves are parallel to the middle vein, its vascular bundles are distributed throughout the stem, and only one leaf attaches to any of the nodes. you are looking at a(n):
A. grass
B. succulent
C. monocot
D. eudicot

Answer 17

the answer is C. monocot

Question 18

bryophytes possess lignin in their xylem.
true or false

Answer 18

false

Question 19

what must a plant have in order to add additional growth in diameter to its stem?
A. associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria
B. vascular cambium
C. cork cambium
D. vessels

Answer 19

the answer is B. vascular cambium

Question 20

according to the fossil record, which group appeared most recently?
A. ferns
B. horsetails
C. angiosperms
D. gymnosperms

Answer 20

the answer is C. angiosperms

Question 21

according to the fossil record, which group of plants was most diverse between 300 and 100 million years ago?
A. conifers
B. cycads
C. angiosperms
D. ferns and horsetails

Answer 21

the answer is C. angiosperms

Question 22

which of these plants are bryophytes?
A. horsetails
B. angiosperms
C. gymnosperms
D. mosses
E. ferns

Answer 22

D. mosses

Question 23

which of these traits was likely present in the last common ancestor of bryophytes?
A. stomata
B. roots
C. photosynthetic diploid generation
D. multicellular diploid generation
E. vascular tissues

Answer 23

the answer is D. multicellular diploid generation

Question 24

the last common ancestor of gymnosperms and angiosperms had all of the following except:
A. pollen
B. flowers
C. seeds
D. vascular tissues

Answer 24

the answer is B. pollen

Question 25

coal is what remains of ancient forests after millions of years of exposure to subterranean high temperatures and pressures. what group of land plants is thought to have contributed most to this fossil energy source?
A. lycophytes
B. sphagnum mosses in peat bogs
C. ferns and horsetails
D. bryophytes
E. conifer and angiosperm trees

Answer 25

the answer is A. lycophytes

Question 26

which group of plants contains the tallest and oldest trees on Earth?
A. cycads
B. ginkgos
C. conifers

Answer 26

the answer is C. conifers

Question 27

based on the fossil record, how much time passed between the first land plants and the origin of angiosperms?
A. 3-5 million years
B. about 300 million years
C. about 140 million years
D. about 465 million years
E. 25-50 million years

Answer 27

the answer is B.

Question 28

what are the essential conditions for the formation of sphagnum peat bogs?
A. dry and low alkalinity
B. wet and low acidity
C. wet and high acidity
D. dry and high alkalinity

Answer 28

the answer is C.

Question 29

you come upon a flowering plant in a park near your home, and you note these characteristics:
- flowers with three petals and three stamens
- parallel veins visible in the leaves
in which group does this plant likely belong?
A. lycophytes
B. dicotyledons
C. gymnosperms
D. gnetophytes
E. monocotyledons

Answer 29

the answer is E. monocotyledons