chapter 27.1 Flashcards
weathering
the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface
soil
a mixture of weathered rock,inorganic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life
erosion
the removal of surface material through the process of weathering
sediment transport
the transport of granular particles by fluids
deposition
when the erosional agent slows down or melts
drainage basin
The land area that gathers water for a major river
long shore current
the movement of water parallel to the shoreline
what is weathering
the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth´s surface
do rocks weather at the same rate
no
what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather
rock type, and landscape
what are the two types of weathering
mechanical weathering, and chemical weathering
what type of change happens with mechanical weathering
physical changes
what type of change happens with chemical weathering
chemical changes
what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering
frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions
what causes frost wedging
water collects in the crocks of a rock that then freezes
what is the cycle called during frost wedging
the rock will break apart
what causes biology activity
plant and animal activity
what cause weathering during collisions
when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers
what is parent material
the material which soil forms
what are soil horizons
the different layers of soil
how many soil horizons are there
6
true or false. all soils contain every soil horizons
false
what does the first soil horizon contain
organic material
what is the second horizon mostly made up of
minerals
which layer does leaching occur
horizon e
which horizon collects material from previous horizons
horizon b
which layer is partially weathered bedrock
horizon c
which layer is unweathered bedrock
horizon r
which soil horizons make up the topsoil
horizons O and A
which soil horizons make up the subsoil
horizons E and B
what are the two types of chemical weathering
oxygen and water
what are chemical changes due to oxygen
oxydation
what are chemical changes due to water
hydrolysis
what are specific soil horizons
o,a,e,b,c,and r
which horizons make up the true soil
horizons O,A,E,and B
