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Foundations > Chapter 27 Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Infection

A

a disease state that results from the presence of pathogens nor on the body

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2
Q

Pathogens

A

disease producing microorganisms

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3
Q

Bacteria

A

the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents in healthcare institutions

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4
Q

Categories of bacteria

A

spherical (cocci), rod shaped (bacilli), corkscrew shaped (spirochetes)
Gram positive or gram negative-based on reaction to gram stain
Aerobic or anaerobic-based on need for oxygen

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5
Q

Virus

A

smallest of all microorganisms

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6
Q

Fungi

A

plantlike organisms present in air, soil and water

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7
Q

Reservoir

A

natural habitat of organism

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8
Q

Portal of exit

A

point of escape for the organism

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9
Q

Means of transmission

A

Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne route

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10
Q

Portal of entry

A

point at which organisms enter a new host

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11
Q

Susceptible Host

A

must overcome resistance mounted by host defenses

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12
Q

Factors affecting an organisms potential to produce disease

A

Number of organisms, Virulence, Competence of persons immune system, Length of intimacy of contact between person and microorganism

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13
Q

Number of organisms

A

the more organisms the more likely to get sick

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14
Q

Virulence

A

ability to produce disease

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15
Q

Stages of Infection

A

Incubation period, prodromal stage, Acute, convalescent period

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16
Q

Incubation period

A

organisms growing and multiplying

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17
Q

Prodromal stage

A

person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease

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18
Q

Acute

A

Full stage of illness- presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease

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19
Q

Convalescent period

A

recovery from the infection

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20
Q

Bodys defense against infection

A

Bodys normal flora, Imflammatory response- ( Vascular stage, cellular stage), Immune response

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21
Q

Vascular stage

A

cardinal signs of infection: redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of functon

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22
Q

Asepsis

A

without infection

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23
Q

Sepsis

A

with infection

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24
Q

Aseptic Technique

A

Includes all activities to prevent or break the chain of infection
Includes two types: Medical asepsis and surgical asepsis

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25
Q

Medical asepsis

A

clean technique

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26
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

sterile technique
Used in operating room, labor and delivery areas
Ex: insertion of urinary catheter, sterile dressing changes, or preparing and injecting medicine

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27
Q

Bacterial Flora

A

Transient and resident

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28
Q

Transient

A

attached loosely on skin, removed with relative ease

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29
Q

Resident

A

found in creases in skin, requires friction with brush to remove

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30
Q

Nosocomial

A

originates or takes place in the hospital

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31
Q

Standard precautions

A

used in care of all hospitalized patients
Apply to blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, contact skin, mucous membranes
apply to every patient

32
Q

Tasmission-based precautions

A

used in addition to stand precautions for patients with suspected infection
include airborne, droplet or contact precautions
apply to patients with specific confirmed infecitons

33
Q

wound

A

disruption in normal ski tissue integrity

34
Q

types of wounds

A

intentional or unintentional
open or closed
acute or chronic
partial thickness, full thickness, complex

35
Q

Aerobic

A

bacteria that requires oxygen to live and grow

36
Q

Anaerobic

A

bacteria that can live without oxygen

37
Q

Antibody

A

immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

38
Q

Antigen

A

foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

39
Q

antimicrobial

A

antibacterial agent that kills bacteria and suppresses their growth

40
Q

disinfection

A

process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores

41
Q

endemic

A

something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location

42
Q

endogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism comes form microbial life the person himself or herself harbors

43
Q

exogenous

A

infection in which the causative organism is acquired form outside the host

44
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

an infection that was not present on admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions

45
Q

Host

A

animal or person on or within which microorganisms live

46
Q

iatrogenic

A

infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

47
Q

isolation

A

protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms

48
Q

personal protective equipment (PPE)

A

gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eye gear designed to minimize or prevent the healthcare workers exposure to infectious material

49
Q

sterilization

A

the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, and destroyed
surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile

50
Q

vector

A

nonhuman carries such as mosquitoes ticks and lice that transmit organisms from one host to another

51
Q

bandage

A

piece of gauze or other material used to cover a wound

52
Q

debridement

A

cleaning away devitalized tissue and foreign matter from a wound

53
Q

dehiscence

A

separation of the layers of a surgical wound; may be partial, superficial, or a complete disruption of the surgical wound

54
Q

dermis

A

layer of the skin below the epidermis

55
Q

desiccation

A

dehydration; the process of being rendered free from moisture

56
Q

dressing

A

protective covering placed over a wound

57
Q

epidermis

A

superficial layer of the skin

58
Q

eschar

A

a thick, leathery scab or dry crust that is necrotic and must be removed for adequate healing to occur

59
Q

evisceration

A

protrusion of viscera through an incision

60
Q

exudate

A

fluid that accumulates in a wound; may contain serum, cellular debris, bacteria, and white blood cells

61
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal passage from an internal organ to the skin or from one internal organ to another

62
Q

friction

A

occurs when two surfaces rub against each other; the resulting injury resembles an abrasion and can also damage superficial blood vessels directly under the skin

63
Q

granulation tissue

A

new tissue that is pink/red in color composed of fibroblasts and small blood vessels that fill an open wound when it starts to heal

64
Q

ischemia

A

deficiency of blood in a particular area

65
Q

maceration

A

softening through liquid; over hydration

66
Q

necrosis

A

death of cells and tissue

67
Q

negative pressure wound therapy

A

activity that promotes wound healing and wound closure through the application of uniform negative pressure on the wound bed, reduction in bacteria in the wound, and removal of excess wound fluid

68
Q

pressure ulcer

A

any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissue

69
Q

purulent drainage

A

comprised of white blood cells, liquefied dead tissue debris and both dead and live bacteria

70
Q

sanguineous drainage

A

containing or mixed with blood

71
Q

scar

A

connective tissue that fills a wound area

72
Q

serosnguineous drainage

A

mixture of serum and red blood cells

73
Q

serous drainage

A

composed of clear serous portion of the blood and from serous membranes

74
Q

shearing force

A

force created when layers of tissue move on one another

75
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

underlying layer that anchors the skin layers to the underlying tissues of the body

76
Q

wound

A

injury that results in a disruption in the normal continuity of body tissue

Foundations (2 decks)

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