Chapter 27 Flashcards
Rubella is transmitted and spreads when an infected person:
Sneezes
A 30-year-old male presents with a round skin lesion that resembles a blister under his left arm. He and his family were recently hiking. What should you suspect?
Lyme disease
Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis D virus (HDV) is correct?
Infection with HDV requires the host to be infected with the hepatitis B virus.
Postexposure medical counseling and treatment should begin within how many hours of the paramedic testing positive?
24 to 48 hours
Work restriction guidelines enforced by OSHA require an employee to use sick time for an illness, unless:
the illness is the result of an occupational exposure.
An individual’s ability to fight off infection is called:
host resistance
The clinical presentation of mononucleosis includes:
fever, swollen lymph glands, and an enlarged spleen
Which of the following is an example of indirect contact with a microorganism?
Touching a bloody stretcher railing with an open wound on your hand
Initial symptoms of Ebola include:
fever, weakness, and sore throat.
Antibiotic therapy following exposure to meningitis is contraindicated for individuals who are:
taking birth control pills.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of HIV infection?
Swollen lymph nodes
You transported a patient with flulike symptoms to the hospital 4 days ago. Your designated infection control officer advises you that the patient was diagnosed with the avian flu. If you documented an exposure to this patient, you will most likely be:
offered an antiviral medication.
Personal protective equipment:
serves as a secondary protective barrier beyond what your body provides.
If a paramedic is exposed to lice:
permethrin cream treatment may be prescribed and restrictions from patient care may be indicated until the paramedic is free of lice.
The leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, older people, and immunocompromised individuals is the:
respiratory syncytial virus.
According to the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act, the medical facility must:
release the source patient’s status to the designated infection control officer.
In addition to children, the hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for:
emergency response team members traveling outside the United States.
When washing your hands after a call, you should:
use an antimicrobial, alcohol-based foam or gel.
A known intravenous drug abuser presents with anorexia, body aches, a low-grade fever, and scleral icterus. She is very quiet and is not willing to share her medical history information with you. Which of the following additional clinical signs would reinforce your suspicion regarding the cause of this patient’s condition?
Jaundiced skin
In contrast to body substance isolation precautions, standard precautions:
emphasize protection from moist body substances that may transmit bacterial or viral infections.
Which of the following is a common sign of measles?
Blotchy red rash
You receive a call for a 33-year-old man with difficulty breathing. Upon arrival, you begin to assess the patient, who tells you that he is HIV-positive. During the primary assessment, you should:
identify and correct immediately life-threatening conditions.
Nocturnal itching and the presence of a rash involving the hands are indicative of:
Scabies
Which of the following immunizations included in the CDC’s list of recommended immunizations and tests for health care providers requires a booster every 10 years?
Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap)
Which of the following statements regarding genital herpes is correct?
Acyclovir is used to reduce a herpetic outbreak, but there is no cure.
You receive a call for an unresponsive person. Law enforcement arrives at the scene before you and advises that the scene is secure. When you arrive, you find the patient, a young man, lying supine on the floor of his poorly kept apartment. He is unresponsive and his breathing is slow and shallow. One of the police officers recognizes the patient as a known intravenous drug abuser. During your care of this patient, you should:
avoid removing his wallet or any other possessions from his pockets.
Which of the following statements regarding meningitis is correct?
Most epidemic outbreaks involve meningococcal meningitis.
You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a 20-year-old woman who is sick. When you arrive at the scene and begin assessing the patient, she tells you that she has been experiencing a purulent vaginal discharge, but denies vaginal bleeding or a fever. Her blood pressure is 104/64 mm Hg, pulse rate is 88 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 14 breaths/min and regular. What should you suspect?
Gonorrhea
The communicable period for HIV:
is largely unknown.
A paramedic would most likely become infected with TB if they:
performed mouth-to-mouth breathing on a patient with active TB.
Secondary syphilitic infection is characterized by:
a skin rash.
Common signs and symptoms of meningitis include:
mental status changes, fever, stiff neck, and headache.
A person who is taking antibiotic therapy following a positive TB skin test and chest radiograph should not consume alcohol because:
the antibiotics are toxic to the liver.
A 49-year-old woman presents with a severe headache, a temperature of 103.2 degrees Fahrenheit, and photosensitivity. Her blood pressure is 140/76 mm Hg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min and strong, and respiratory rate is 22 breaths/min and regular. While caring for this patient, it is most important to:
protect yourself from any nasopharyngeal secretions.
In developing countries, there is a strong association between the hepatitis E virus and:
inadequate hygiene.
Which type of precautions are used with all transmission-based categories?
Standard
Transmission of mumps occurs by direct contact with which bodily fluid of an infected person?
Saliva
Most patients infected with the hepatitis C virus are unaware that they acquired the infection because:
they do not develop phase 2 signs and symptoms.
In older adults, shingles arises when which virus resides in the ganglion of a nerve?
Varicella
A person is exposed to the mumps virus, is asymptomatic for 16 days, and then becomes ill. The 16-day period is called the:
incubation period.
Which of the following medical procedures would pose the least risk of exposure to an infectious disease?
Assessing a patient’s temperature by the oral route
When a disease infects large numbers of people and spreads all over the world, it is considered a(n):
pandemic
The primary infection with syphilis produces:
an ulcerative chancre at the site of infection.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS):
is characterized by the presence of opportunistic infections.
Tuberculosis is communicable when the patient:
has an active lesion on their lung.
Which of the following is an early sign or symptom of hepatitis B infection?
Anorexia
The third dose of the three-series hepatitis B vaccine is given:
6 months after the first dose.
If the source patient’s blood tests positive for HIV:
the blood will be assessed for viral load and the exposed individual may be offered a 4-week trial of antiretroviral therapy.
The primary target of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is the:
immune system.
Which of the following is a factor in determining a person’s risk of contracting an infectious disease following exposure?
Host resistance of the individual
